1. Intelligence

2. Origins of Intelligence Testing
Origins are with French Psychologist Alfred Binet
Began assessing intellectual abilities
Developed test that assessed mental age
Predicted a child’s future progress

3. IQ Test Lewis Terman believed intelligence was inherited
William Stern derived the Intelligence Quotient test: IQ test
Person’s mental age divided by chronological age x’s 100
Many of these test in early 20th used to show “inferiority” of certain groups and races

4. Nature of Intelligence
People have specific abilities
Verbal and math aptitudes
Debate
Whether General Intelligence (g) factor runs through
Factor Analysis
Identified several clusters of mental abilities
There are instances of people who excel in multiple clusters

5. Different Intelligences
There is academic intelligence (math, science, etc.) and there is emotional intelligence
Ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
Often succeed in careers, marriages, and parenting

6. Creativity and Intelligence
People with high intelligence scores do well on creativity tests
Beyond a score of 120 the correlation disappears
Five Components of Creativity
Expertise
Imaginative thinking skills
Venturesome personality
Intrinsic motivation
Creative environment

7. Aptitude vs. Achievement Test
Aptitude refers to ability to learn
Aptitude test measures person’s future performance
Achievement test measures what a person has learned
Wechler Adult Intelligence test Revised (WAIS)
Most widely used intelligence test
Scored on verbal and non verbal
Provides clues to cognitive strengths

8. Standardization Test scores form a normal distribution
Bell shaped that forms normal curve
Creation of that curve
Pretest subjects create the standards
Must represent those who will be test in the future
Thus the controversy because do they really represent the whole based on the few?

9. Reliability vs. Validity
Reliability refers to extent in which a test yields consistent scores
Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Content validity whether a test truly samples behavior that is of interest
Predictive validity is the correlation between test scores and criterion
What the test aims to assess

10. Stability of testing
Stability of intelligence test scores increase with age
Predicatability at 4yrs
Stability at 7 yrs
Normal distribution is 70
Mental retardation means a child must have both low test scores and difficulty adapting to normal demands of living INDEPENDENTLY

11. Gifted Gifted children are NOT maladjusted
Nor should they be segregated into “Gifted” classes
They do need to be challenged and educators are responsible to meet the demands of both standard, below standard, and above standard children

12. Genetics and Intelligence
Studies show a remarkable inheritability of intelligence
Adopted children scores more resemble those of biological than adoptive parents
Life experiences also determine intelligence scores
Neglect and enrichment are reflected

13. Group Differences
African Americans on average score 10 pts below whites on intelligence tests and Asian out score North Americans on math tests
What facts can cause this?

14. Intelligence testing and cultural bias
They are biased because of sensitivity to cultural experiences
The stereotype threat does exist, but the aim and results are not factors that go into intelligence tests