1.  بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم 
وَقُل رَّبِّ أَدْخِلْنِي مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَأَخْرِجْنِي مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَاجْعَل لِّي مِن لَّدُنكَ سُلْطَانًا نَّصِيرًا 
سورة الاسراء
الآيات (80)
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

2. CULTURE MEDIA AND STERELIZATION

3. CULTURE MEDIA
Culture media are used for recognition δ identification of microorganism

4. Common ingredients of culture media
1. PEPTONE 2.Meat extract 3.Nacl a. Melting point c b. solidifing point c 4. Agar agar c. concentration 1.5-2% (solid) % (semisolid)

5. e.g. nutrient broth (Fluid)media 1.Liquid
TYPES OF CULTURE MEDIA
A. PHYSICAL STATE(CONSISTENCY)OF MEDIA
e.g. nutrient broth (Fluid)media 1.Liquid
2.solid media e.g. nutrient agar ,blood agar
3. Semisolid Media

6. Blood agar and nutrient agar
Solid culture medium
Fluid culture medium (nutrient broth)
Blood agar and nutrient agar

7. B. USE OF MEDIA 1)simple media e.g. nutrient agar and nutrient broth.
2)special-purpose media

8. Nutrient agar Nutrient broth Simple culture media

9. ENRICHED MEDIA
Simple media enriched with appropriate substance ,e.g. Blood ,glucose ,serum and ascetic fluid ,most commonly used to cultivate fastidious microorganism like streptococci

10. Chocolate agar Blood agar (Enriched media)

11. SELECTIVE MEDIA
Containing inhibitory substance ( e.g. bile salt ,antibiotic, dyes…etc) which favour the growth of concerned microorganism and inhibit the growth of other . e.g. Macon key's agar

12. Slective medium for gram negative bacilli (contains bile salts which inhibit the growth of gram positive microorganisms)

13. DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
Certain species produce characteristic growth that can be easily recognized, or can produce certain effects in the media e.g. hemolytic and non-hemolytic species on blood agar ,MacConkeys agar differintiates between lactose fermenter and non lactose fermenter gram negative bacilli, nutrient agar differintiates between species of genus Staphylococcus

14. Haemolytic bacteria on blood agar
Non haemolytic
bacteria on blood agar

15. MacConkey′s agar(selective and differential medium) selective for gram negative bacilli and differentiate between lactose fermenter and non lactose fermenter gram negative bacilli)

16. Staphylococcus albus (white colonies) on nutrient agar
Staphylococcus citreus (lemon yellow colonies) on nutrient agar

17. Staphylococcus aureus on nutrient agar (golden yellow colonies)

18. Other uses of culture media…e.g
Antibiotic sensitivity test on Mueller-Hinton agar

20. E- Test( strip of antibiotic contains gradients of concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC)

21. STERELIZATION DISINFECTION
Is the destruction or removal of all living organisms in or on an object
DISINFECTION
Is the destruction of pathogenic microorganism only

22. TYPES OF STERELIZATION
1. PHYSICAL METHODS
2. CHEMICAL METHOD

23. A-Heat 1. dry heat A-flaming B-hot air oven C- infra-red radiation
PHYSICAL METHOD
A-Heat 1. dry heat A-flaming B-hot air oven C- infra-red radiation

25. Hot air oven (Temperature 160 C ⁰ for one hour) used for sterilization of glasses , powders oils and surgical instrument)

26. Infrared radiation

27. 2.MOIST HEAT
a. At a temperature below 100 c e.g pasteurization of milk
100 c: b. At a temperature of
min I. Boiling at 100 c for 5-10
II. steaming at 100 c e.g. Tyndallization c. At a temperature above 100 c e.g. auto clave

29. Autoclave (Temperature 121C⁰ + Pressure 15 IB / inch) used for sterilization of bacteriological media and surgical instruments.

31. 1)Direct sun light 2)Ultra violet light 3)Ionizing radiation
B. Radiation
1)Direct sun light
2)Ultra violet light
3)Ionizing radiation

32. Sterilization of operating theater by ultraviolet light

33. C. Filtration to render fluids sterile e. g
C. Filtration to render fluids sterile e.g. serum ,antibiotic solution ,sugar ,toxins

34. II.CHEMICAL METHODS A-DISINFECTANTS e.g. acids(toxic to living tissue)
B-ANTISEPTICS e.g. chlorine and iodine(safely applied to living (tissue

35. TESTING THE EFFICIENCY OF STERILIZATION
1.Chemical indicators
control tubes brown s sterilization
2.Adhesive tape
Bowie ---dick auto clave tape test

36. Browns′ sterilization control tubes (contain red solution change to green when sterilization is effective)

37. Thanks