2.  Language is important to culture because it is the main means of communication  One generation passes customs and skills to the next generation through language  Language reveals:  Where a culture has been  What is valued  How people experience events

4.  What language is spoken by the most people in the world?

5. 1. Mandarin Chinese - 882 million 2. Spanish - 325 million 3. English - 312-380 million 4. Arabic - 206-422 million 5. Hindi - 181 million 6. Portuguese - 178 million 7. Bengali - 173 million 8. Russian - 146 million 9. Japanese - 128 million 10. German - 96 million

6.  How many languages do you think are spoken in the world today?  Write your estimate on your notes

7.  Between 6,000 and 7,000 living languages in the world today  Many of these are endangered…

8.  https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worl dviews/wp/2015/04/23/the-worlds-languages- in-7-maps-and-charts/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worl dviews/wp/2015/04/23/the-worlds-languages- in-7-maps-and-charts/

9.  Language families –Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin  see page 158-159 (8 th ed)

10.  Proto-Indo-European hearth traced to modern-day Turkey

11.  Subfamilies – divisions within a language family  See pg. 150  Boundary = isogloss

13.  Language families – pg. 166  Case study: Nigeria – pg. 167  Has more than 500 different languages  Students are taught in English (which they must learn first)

14.  Language divergence – spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks down and the language fragments first into dialects and then into discreet tongues  Language convergence – the collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of peoples with different languages

15.  Mutual intelligibility – two people can understand each other when speaking  Can lead to problems in distinguishing between a language and a dialect (is it a different language or different dialect?)  = Why the actual number of languages in the world is up to debate

17.  Eastern New England  Pahk the cah  New York City  fugedaboudit

18.  Chicago Urban  They call any sweet roll doughnuts.  North Midland  They call doughnuts belly sinkers, doorknobs, dunkers, and fatcakes.

20.  Use your phone to access the “American Dialect Quiz” (nytimes)  Answer the questions; take a screen shot and share the map at the end!

22.  Empire building  Example: Latin w/ Roman Empire  Colonization  Examples: Spanish Empire, British Empire  Globalization  Example: English

23.  Case Study: Quebec  French is spoken in Quebec. In fact, the people work to maintain cultural independence. ▪ Signs, official documents must be in French

24.  The mainly French-speaking people of the province of Quebec have pressed in the recent past for increased autonomy or even secession—  The separatists lost two independence referendums, one decisively in 1980, the other narrowly in 1995.

25.  Lingua franca = language of trade and communication  What do you think is the lingua franca of the world?

26.  English is the most widespread language in the world.  English spread rapidly when Britain began to colonize large areas of the world.  Today, English is the main language of the internet.  English is the universal language of airline pilots and air-traffic control.

27.  Case Study – Swahili  Through centuries of trade and interaction, Swahili developed from an African Bantu language mixed with Arabic and Persian  100 million speakers

28.  Monolingual states – countries where almost everyone speaks the same language  Ex: Japan, Iceland, Denmark, Portugal, Uruguay  Multilingual states – countries with more than one language in use  Ex: Almost every other country!

29.  Will there be a principle language people use around the world in their day-to-day activities?  Will there be a common language of trade and commerce?

30.  Toponyms – place-names  Gives a glimpse into the history of a place  Often have roots in migration and interaction

32.  http://greatlanguagegame.com/languages/ http://greatlanguagegame.com/languages/

33.  Look at the big San Antonio map   Look at street names and discuss 3 toponyms!

35.  Write down 3 things you learned from yesterday’s activity “Vanishing Voices” 1. 2. 3.

37.  Read over the list of British English words and Australian slang words.  Complete ONE of the following: 1. Write a short story using at least 10 of the Australian slang words. Underline the words. 2. Write a short story using at least 10 of the British English words. Underline the words.

39.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRLijCGe 0vs&safety_mode=true&safe=active&persist _safety_mode=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRLijCGe 0vs&safety_mode=true&safe=active&persist _safety_mode=1  http://www.youtube.com/enduringvoices http://www.youtube.com/enduringvoices