1. Anatomy of SCALP

2. ANATOMY OF Parotid Region By Dr. Fekry Shata Assistant prof
ANATOMY OF Parotid Region By Dr. Fekry Shata Assistant prof. of anatomy & embryology Faculty of Dentstery – Majmaa university

3. The parotid region is actually part of the neck but it extends into the facial region as well.
It also must be studied before the infratemporal region can be examined.
We will examine the parotid region from superficial to deep pointing out the gland itself and the structures running through it

6. Parotid gland

7. Definition:- It is the largest salivary gland.
Term [parotid]:- para = around; otic [otid] = ear
Shape:- inverted pyramid
Divisions:- It is divided into:-
Superficial lobe.
Deep lobe
Isthmus :- connects two lobes.

8. Deep lobe
Facial nerve
Superficial lobe

9. Extent:- It is wedged in triangular hollow behind mandible.
It extends into:-
ANTERIORLY :-overlaps masseter.
POSTERIORLY:-overlaps sternomastoid m.
MEDIALLY :-to styloid process.
LATERALLY :- covered by skin.
SUPERIORLY :-external auditory meatus.
INFERIORLY: between angle of mandible, sternomastoid.

12. Surfaces, Borders and Poles of
Parotid Gland

13. Posteromedial surface
1- Surfaces
Anteromedial surface
Superficial surface
2- Borders
Upper Pole
(Base)
3- Poles
Lower Pole
(Apex)
Posterior border
Anterior border

14. EXTERNAL FEATURES Apex (directed downwards). [lower pole]
Base (directed upwards).[upper pole][superior s.]
Surfaces :- are three
Superficial (lateral)(subcutaneous).
Antero-medial.
Postero-medial.
Borders :- are three
Anterior.
Posterior.
Medial. Deep border.
 Parotid duct:-
Deep (medial) surfaces

16. Contents
It is a salivary gland that has a large duct which crosses the masseter muscle to pierce the buccinator muscle opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth.
Parotid gland is carefully removed; we can identify the structures located within it
facial nerve.
external carotid artery.
retromandibular vein.

17. Contents of parotid gland
Retro-mandibular vein
Facial nerve
External carotid artery

18. The first plane is the venous plane
retromandibular vein (posterior facial vein) and its tributaries:
superficial temporal vein
maxillary vein
anterior division of retromandibular vein
posterior division retromandibular vein

19. b- Posterior Facial Vein (Reteromandibular)
Parotid
Posterior Facial Vein
(Reteromandibular)

20. The second plane is the nervous plane:
contain the facial (VII) nerve which leaves the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and immediately enters the deep part of the parotid gland where it gives off its branches:
temporal branch
zygomatic branch
buccal branches
mandibular branch
cervical branch

21. temporal branch (t)
zygomatic branch (z)
upper buccal branches (b)
Lower buccal branches (b)
mandibular branch (m)
cervical branch (c)
posterior auricular
branch to posterior belly of digastric (db)

22. The third plane is the arterial plane:
Lies deep to the nervous plane which includes terminal parts of the external carotid artery and its branches:
maxillary artery
superficial temporal artery & its branch transverse facial artery

23. Superficial Temporal artery External carotid artery
c- External carotid and superficial temporal arteries
Superficial Temporal artery
Post. Auricular artery
occipital artery
Maxillary artery
Parotid
External carotid artery

24. Deepest part of the parotid region is the parotid bed which includes:
the neck of the condyle of the mandible (nc)
Masseter muscle.
The mastoid process .
styloid process .
stylopharyngeus muscle .
stylohyoid muscle .
posterior belly of the digastric muscle .

25. Neck of mandible
Mastoid process
external auditory meatus
stylopharyngeus muscle
styloid process
masseter
stylohyoid muscle
sternomastoid

29. Relations

30. APEX (LOWER POLE) =It is tapered.
=Extends downwards between sternomastoid & mandible.
=Overlaps posterior belly of digastric muscle.
=The following structures appear at the apex:- V.A.N.
Retro-mandibular vein [leaves gland]
External carotid artery [enters gland]
Cervical branch of facial nerve. [leaves gland]

31. Retro-mandibular vein
Cervical branch of facial nerve

32. External carotid artery

33. BASE ((GLENOID LOBE)) =It is broad & concave.
=Extends upwards and surrounds the E.A.M..
=The following structures appear at the apex:- V.A. 2 N.
Superficial temporal vein [enters gland]
Superficial temporal artery [leaves gland]
Temporal branch of facial nerve. [leaves gland]
Auriculo-temporal nerve [leaves gland]

34. Superficial temporal vessels Temporal branch of facial nerve
Auriculo-temporal
nerve

35. SUPERFICIAL SURFACE [LATERAL], [SUBCUTANEOUS]
=Largest surface.
=Related to the following structures:- from out inwards
Skin.
Superficial fascia.
Deep fascia [parotid fascia] (deep lamina)
Deep parotid L.N.

36. Skin
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia

38. The following structures emerge at this border:-
BORDERS
1. ANTERIOR BORDER:-
The following structures emerge at this border:-
above downwards
nerve . artery . nerve & duct . nerve . nerve.
Zygomatic branch of facial nerve.
Transverse facial artery.
Upper buccal branch of facial nerve.
Accessory parotid gland above the duct
Parotid duct.
Lower buccal branch of facial nerve.
Mandibular branch of facial nerve.
2. POSTERIOR BORDER:- Overlaps sternomastoid.
3. MEDIAL BORDER:-
Related to lateral wall of pharynx [superior conistrictor]

41. PAROTID
DUCT

42. 1=Thick walled
2=Length: 5 cm.
3=Termination: pierce the buccinator muscle opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth

46. Neuro-vascular supply

47. NERVE SUPPLY (Innervation of Parotid gland)
1.Parasympathetic (secretomotor).
2.Sympathetic (vasomotor).
3.Sensory:-
a. from capsule.
b. from parenchyma.

48. Parasympathetic innervation (secretomotor).
ORIGIN:- Inferior Salivary Nucleus in medulla oblongata.
CRANIAL NERVE:- glossopharyngeal nerve (9th n).
PRE-GANGLIONIC FIBERS:-
LESSER SUPERFICIAL PETROSAL n..
=which descends through foramen oval.
RELAY GANGLION: Otic ganglion.
POST-GANGLIONIC FIBERS:- Auriculo-temporal n.(mandibular nerve)

50. 2.Sensory.
=Great auricular nerve :- to the capsule.
=Auriculo-temporal nerve :- to parenchyma.

51. ARTERIAL SUPPLY
From external carotid artery & its branches.

52. Retro-mandibular vein
VENOUS DRAINAGE
Retro-mandibular vein +
external jugular vein.

53. Lymph Drainage of Parotid Gland
1)-Superficial L.N. [Peri-auricular L.N.]
2)-Deep L.N.

55. Clinical Notes Regarding
Parotid Gland

56. 1- Affection of Facial nerve
within the Gland

59. 2- Parotitis (Mumps)