1. Starter S-63 What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond?

2. Covalent Bonding Chapter 8

3. 8.1 Molecular Compounds Chapter 8

4. Covalent Bond – held together by sharing electrons Molecule – a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds 8.1 Molecular Compounds H 2 Covalent Bond

5. Diatomic Molecules – the following atoms in their elemental state are molecules consisting of two atoms Hydrogen – H 2 Nitrogen – N 2 Oxygen – O 2 Fluorine – F 2 Chlorine – Cl 2 Bromine – Br 2 Iodine – I 2 8.1 Molecular Compounds

6. Molecule Example – Water Bonds within at atom are very strong Between molecules much weaker results in lower melting and boiling points 8.1 Molecular Compounds Water

7. Molecular formula – shows the number of atoms of each element that are in a molecule 8.1 Molecular Compounds

8. The formula does not show structure 8.1 Molecular Compounds

9. Starter S-68 Which is the most interesting element that you have heard a presentation on? Why?

10. 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding Chapter 8

11. In covalent bonds, electrons sharing usually occurs so that atoms attain the electron configuration of noble gases Hydrogen gets configuration of He Carbon gets configuration of Ne Chlorine – Ar Nitrogen – Ne Oxygen - Ne 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonds

12. Single Covalent Bond Share one pair of electrons 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonds

13. Bond dissociation energy – defined as the energy needed to break a bond The larger the bond dissociation energy, the stronger the covalent bond A C-C bond usually has about 347kJ/mol 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonds Bond Energy

14. There are some exceptions to the octet rule 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonds

15. Starter S-69 What compound is formed from Carbon and Chlorine? What compound is formed from Oxygen and Carbon?

16. 8.3 Polar Bonds and Molecules Chapter 8

17. Bond Polarity Some atoms attract electrons more than others Atoms with greater Electronegativity attract more 8.3 Polar Bonds and Molecules

18. If atoms have the same electronegativity then they perfectly share electrons This only occurs if the two atoms are the same element If they have different electronegativety values, then the electron stays around one atom more than the other 8.3 Polar Bonds and Molecules

19. The result is a polar Bond H-H is non-polar H-Cl is polar 8.3 Polar Bonds and Molecules

20. Molecules are polar if they are not symmetrical These molecules can be attracted to each other 8.3 Polar Bonds and Molecules

21. Symmetrical molecules are nonpolar molecules There are polar bond But they cancel out 8.3 Polar Bonds and Molecules   