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11/16/2015 Starter: 11/16/2015 107 108 Minerals Practice: Notes : minerals Application: Minerals WS Connection: Name some things that you have that are made of minerals Exit : Summarize notes EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?
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Starter Gold 67.5 20 ml Because it expands when it freezes 1000 grams15
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Agenda 1. Starter 2. Minerals Notes 3.Minerals Ws 4. Exit
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Table of Contents DateLecture/ Activity/ Lab Page 10/27 Writing Chemical Formulas 81-82 10/28 Ionic Bonding 83-84 10/29 ChemicalEquations and the Conservation of Mass 85-86 10/30 Balancing Act 87-88 11/02 Balancing Chemical Equations Activity 89-90 11/03 See Saw Poster 91-92 11/4 Law of Conservation of Mass Lab 93-94 11/5 Balancing Equations Review 95-96 11/6 Physical and Chemical Changes Notes 97-98 11/9 Physical and Chemical Properties Lab 99-100 11/10 Balancing Chemical Equations Writing 101-102 11/12 Signs of a Chemical change Video Quiz 103-104 11/13 Physical and Chemical Ws 105-106 11/16 Minerals 107-108
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Minerals
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What is a Mineral? It must be inorganic – not formed from living things. It must be found naturally. It must have a definite chemical composition. It must be formed of crystals.(# of faces and angles) Must be a solid
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Types of Minerals Silicates –Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen –90% of the earth’s crust are made of these type of minerals –Ex. Quartz, mica Non-silicates –Minerals that contain no silicon and oxygen –Ex. Halite, calcite
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Properties of Minerals Color –The color of a mineral is not the best way to identify it. –Color depends on many factors and can change from sample to sample.
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Mineral Properties Luster –Metallic luster; shiny, looks like a metal (gold, silver, copper) –Sub-metallic luster; dull metal finish(lead, hematite) –Non-metallic; waxy, glassy, dull, pearly(quartz, calcite, sulfur)
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Types of Luster Metallic Sub-Metallic Non-Metallic
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Mineral Properties Streak –color of a mineral in powdered form –the streak is always the same for a mineral no matter what the surface color is. –streak plates are used to determine the color –some minerals leave no streak
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Mineral Properties Cleavage –The tendency of a mineral to break along specific planes. Fracture –When a mineral breaks with no set planes.
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Mineral Properties Density –Each mineral has a specific density –Density is the amount of matter in a given space –The more matter in a smaller space the higher the density. –D=m/v
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Mineral Properties Hardness –Hardness is the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched. –Mohs scale of hardness developed by German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs organizes minerals by hardness.
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Mohs Scale of Hardness in order from softest to hardest 1 – Talc 2 – Gypsum 3 – Calcite
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Mohs Scale of Hardness 4 – Fluorite 5 – Apatite 6 – Orthoclase
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Mohs Scale of Hardness 7 – Quartz 8 – Topaz 9 – Corundum 10 – Diamond
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Field Hardness Test 1 – easily scratched by fingernail 2 – scratched by fingernail 3 – easily scratched by nail, won’t scratch a copper penny 5 – Hard to scratch with a nail; won’t scratch glass 7 – scratches glass 8-10 – scratches steel
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Special Properties of Some minerals Fluorescence (glows) Chemical reaction (produces bubbles) Radioactivity (gives off energy) Optical properties (can see through them) Magnetism (attracts things) Taste-(You should never use taste to identify an unknown mineral)
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Ore Is a combination of minerals that has enough of one type of metal or mineral that it can be extracted. –Example: Galena is an ore for Lead
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11/16/2015 Starter: 11/16/2015 107 108 Minerals Practice: Notes : minerals Application: Minerals WS Connection: Name some things that you have that are made of minerals Exit : Summarize notes EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?
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