1. The Origins and Organization of Courts History of Criminal Courts Absence of Lawyers Misdemeanors handled by amateurs Felony cases: more formal/elaborate Role of Defendant History of Criminal Courts Absence of Lawyers Misdemeanors handled by amateurs Felony cases: more formal/elaborate Role of Defendant Can’t we just get along? American Revolution was more about taxes than independence. Can’t we just get along? American Revolution was more about taxes than independence.

2. The Origins and Organization of Courts The Organization of Contemporary Courts The Organization of Contemporary Courts State Court Systems: limited, general, and appellate jurisdictions State Court Systems: limited, general, and appellate jurisdictions Federal Court System Federal Court System U.S. Supreme Court—when must they hear a case? Writ of Certiorari Marbury v. Madison—Judicial Review U.S. Supreme Court—when must they hear a case? Writ of Certiorari Marbury v. Madison—Judicial Review

3. The Origins and Organization of Courts The Future of the Court System Drug Courts Mediation and PTI The Future of the Court System Drug Courts Mediation and PTI Issues Need for Judicial Training Caseloads growing at an alarming rate Courtroom Security Issues Need for Judicial Training Caseloads growing at an alarming rate Courtroom Security

4. The Adversarial Process: Prosectuion and Defense Prosecutorial Discretion Prosecutorial Discretion Selection of Prosecutors Selection of Prosecutors Independent Counsel Independent Counsel Prosecutorial Misconduct Prosecutorial Misconduct Diversion of Cases PTI Plea Bargaining Diversion of Cases PTI Plea Bargaining Plea Bargaining Today Plea Bargaining Today

5. The Adversarial Process: Prosectuion and Defense Plea Bargaining Today Boland’s study Vera Institute of Justice Study Plea Bargaining Today Boland’s study Vera Institute of Justice Study Alternatives to Plea Bargaining Alternatives to Plea Bargaining Defense Lawyers: cost and quality Defense Lawyers: cost and quality Common Defenses in Criminal Cases Common Defenses in Criminal Cases Issues for the Future Issues for the Future

6. The Adversarial Process: Prosectuion and Defense Issues for the Future Adjudicating the Offender or the Act Crime Control Model Due Process Model Issues for the Future Adjudicating the Offender or the Act Crime Control Model Due Process Model

7. Sentencing: Philosophy and Practice How do Judges Decide on a Sentence? How do Judges Decide on a Sentence? Retribution: Just Desserts Retribution: Just Desserts Incapacitation: Selective Incapacitation Incapacitation: Selective Incapacitation Deterrence: General/Specific; Certainty, Swiftness, Severity Deterrence: General/Specific; Certainty, Swiftness, Severity Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Variations in Sentencing Systems Variations in Sentencing Systems Determinate and Indeterminate Determinate and Indeterminate

8. Sentencing: Philosophy and Practice Truth In Sentencing Truth In Sentencing Mandatory Sentences Mandatory Sentences Sentencing Guidelines Criminal History Severity of Offense Range of Months Written Explanation for Deviation by Judges Sentencing Guidelines Criminal History Severity of Offense Range of Months Written Explanation for Deviation by Judges