1. Skeletal System
Health Science 1

2. Bone Formation Osteocyte: mature bone cell
Osteoblast- bone cells that deposit new bone….
Osteoclast- Cell that absorbs bone
Ossification- mineral matter starts to replace previously formed cartilage, creating bone
Fontanel- baby’s soft spot

3. Types of Bone Long bone- bone of arms and legs
Flat bones- bones of skull and ribs
Irregular bones- spinal column
Short bones- wrist

4. Structures of Long Bones
Diaphysis- shaft
Epiphysis- ends
Medullary canal- center of the diaphysis
Endosteum- lining of the marrow canal that keeps the cavity intact
Periosteum- outside covering of the bone
Articular cartilage- smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they form joints

6. Axial Skeleton Contains the skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum, hyoid
Axial Skeleton is BLUE

7. Skull Bones Frontal bone Occipital bone 2 Parietal bone
2 Temporal bone
Nasal bone
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Vomer
Zygomatic arch
Mandible
Maxilla
Hyoid bone
External Auditory Meatus

8. Skull bones

10. Spinal Bones Vertebral structure Cervical vertebrae-7
Body, foramen, spiny process
Cervical vertebrae-7
Thoracic vertebra-12
Lumbar vertebrae-5
Sacrum-1
Coccyx-1

12. Ribs and Sternum
Sternum divided into 3 parts – bottom tip is XIPHOID PROCESS
 12 pairs of ribs
7 true ribs: connect to sternum
3 false ribs: connect to cartilage of 7th
2 floating

13. Hyoid bone
Not attached to any other bones
Supports tongue weight

14. Appendicular Skeleton
Contains upper extremities, shoulder girdles, arms, wrists, and hands, lower extremities, hip girdle legs, ankles, and feet
Appendicular Skelton is beige

15. Shoulder Girdle and Arm
clavicle – collar bone
scapula – shoulder blade
humerus – upper arm
radius and ulna – lower arm (radius thumb side)
carpals – wrist bones – held together by ligaments
metalcarpals – hand bones
phalanges – fingers

16. Pelvic Girdle and Legs pelvis – 3 bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis)
femur – upper leg, longest and strongest bone in body
tibia and fibula – lower leg
patella – kneecap
tarsal bones – ankle
calcaneus – heel bone
metatarsals – foot bones
Phalanges-toes

18. Joints Ball and socket One bone has a ball at one end
The other has a concave socket
Allows for the greatest range of motion
Ex: shoulder

19. Joints
Hinge joint
Move in one direction or plane
ex: knee

20. Joints Pivot joints Bones that rotate across each other
Ex: shake head no

21. Joints Gliding joints– flat surfaces glide across each other
Ex: Vertebrae of spine

22. Joints point of contact between two bones
Bursa: sac that contains synovial fluid to prevent friction at a joint
Synovial fluid: the lubricating substance between two bones
Arthroscopy: examination into a joint using a fiber optic lens