1. Classification

2. What variety! What similarity!
Diversity of Life
there are so many different creatures on Earth
why are there differences?
Unity of life
all creatures have similarities
common characteristics
why are they so alike?

4. Organizing the world of organsims
The Tree of Life
organize creatures by structure & function
how they are built
how they live
organize them into groups of closely related creatures

5. Classification System to organize all living creatures plants animals
microbes
etc.

6. Why not use common names?
Misleading
starfish
dragonfly
Confusing
blue jay, blue coat, corn thief
dog, perro, chien
I swim, but I’m still a bird!

7. Carolus Linnaeus The Linnean system Homo sapiens proposed in 1700s
each species has a 2 part name
genus
species
Homo sapiens

8. Latin binomial 2 part scientific name
Genus — larger group to which organism belongs
always capitalized
species — specific name for that organism
always lowercase
example: Linnaeus named humans Homo sapiens
means “wise man” — perhaps in a show of hope & optimism

9. Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

10. Bacteria & Archaebacteria
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Classification
6 Kingdom system
Prokaryotes
No separate organelles in their cells
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukaryotes
Separate organelles in their cells
Protists
Plants
Fungi
Animals
Bacteria & Archaebacteria

11. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryotes
Kingdom Protist
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plant
Kingdom Animal
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Bacteria
Eukaryotes

12. Genus groupings Classify organisms into broader groups
Species that are closely related are grouped into the same genus
Leopard Panthera pardus
African lion Panthera leo
Tiger Panthera tigris

13. Orders & families

14. Organizing systems Making sense out of the differences
Eastern gray squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis

15. Prokaryotes Bacteria one-celled organisms microscopic no organelles
have cell membrane
have DNA
most common form of life on Earth
incredible number of different kinds

16. Bacterial diversity rods and spheres and spirals… Oh My! Rods Spheres

17. Both Good & Bad… Pathogens Beneficial & necessary cause disease
infections
Beneficial & necessary
help in digestion
help plants grow
make foods

18. Archaebacteria Ancient bacteria live in extreme environments
high heat
high salt
the most ancient creatures living on Earth today

19. Bacteria live EVERYWHERE
On plants & animals
In plants & animals
In the soil
In the extreme cold
In the extreme hot
On the living
On the dead

20. Dichotomous Key A guide to identifying organisms
It is based on statements/questions that will be answered with one of two responses. These responses lead you to other statements until you reach the identity of the organism.

21. 1 A. Metal. go to 2 1 B. Paper. go to 5 2 A. Brown (copper). penny 2 B
1 A. Metal go to 2 1 B. Paper go to A. Brown (copper) penny 2 B. Silver go to A. Smooth edge nickel. 3 B. Ridges around the edge....go to A. Torch on back dime 4 B. Eagle on back quarter 5 A. Number 1 in the corners....$1 bill 5 B. Number 2 in the corners....$2 bill

23. Important Terms Prokaryote – having no nucleus
Eukaryote – having a nucleus
Unicellular – made up of one single cell
Multicellular – made up of more than one cell
Autotroph – make their own food
Heterotroph – get food from consuming something else