1. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '051 The PHENIX Forward Upgrade Topics: A (Brief) Spin Physics Motivation Antiquark Spin Contribution with W +/- bosons The PHENIX Detector RPC Detectors and Level-1 Trigger Upgrade University of Illinois, Abilene Christian, Iowa State University, UC Riverside, University of Colorado, Nevis Laboratory, Riken-BNL Research Center, University of Kyoto, Peking University

2. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '052 3 valence quarks + gluons + virtual quark-anti-quark pairs charge momentum mass spin ? The Proton 10 -15 m 3 valence quarks  charge momentum mass spin ? u u d quark spin gluon spin orbital angular mom. as viewed with a high energy (short wavelength) probeas viewed with a low energy (long wavelength) probe Using spin we can probe the structure of the proton! Includes contributions from the quark sea

3. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '053 W Z Flavor separation of the spin dependent quark and anti-quark distributions Experimental Requirements:  tracking at high p T  event selection for muons difficult due to background muons from hadron decays and beam backgrounds (timing resolution!).  good rejection of backgrounds in the offline analysis. Parity violation of the weak interaction in combination with control over the proton spin orientation gives access to the flavor spin structure in the proton! For W - interchange u and d.

4. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '054 2 central arms: electrons, photons, hadrons –charmonium J/ ,  ’  e  e  –vector meson   e  e  –high p T       –direct photons –open charm –hadron physics 2 muon arms: –“onium” J/ ,  ’,      –vector meson      –open charm Excellent trigger and DAQ capabilities: multiple trigger signature important for spin physics can be taken in parallel with high bandwidth! PHENIX Spin Physics Program: ∆g, ∆q/q, ∆q/q, δq

5. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '055 Existing MuID Level-1 Trigger Logical tubes formed by OR of physical tubes across panels in each gap. The most probable trajectory for a vertex muon striking a gap-1 logical tube is to continue on a path of equal dx/dz (vertical tubes) or dy/dz (horizontal tubes). Tubes w/ the same dx/dz (or dy/dz) get the same index. Rejection Factor <500 @ 200 GeV/c

6. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '056 PHENIX Muon Trigger Upgrade R1 R2 R3 r=100-120cm r=3.40m (I)Three dedicated trigger RPC stations (CMS design): R1 and R2: 360 Φ-columns of 24 θ pad  8640 ch. R3: 384 ~ 30x30cm 2 pads (II) muTr front end electronics NSF (Funded $2M) JSPS Goals: (a) W-trigger (b) pattern recognition Rejection Factor >10,000 required!

7. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '057 Resistive Plate Chambers good timing performance comparable to that of scintillator (~ 1-2 ns) space resolution sufficient for muon trigger purpose (~ cm ) Simple design & low cost arbitrary readout geometry good rate capability (~ several kHz/cm 2 )  RPC’s have been used in L3, BaBar, Belle experiments.  All 4 LHC experiments will use RPC for muon system.  STAR used MRPC as TOF

8. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '058 Trigger Algorithm (RPC) Muon road ID  (  )=angle I – angle II: momentum cut Uncorrelated noise rate should be < 10Hz/cm^2. RPC1 resolution ~0.4cm  deg <0.7<1.0<2.0 rejection360001998010090

9. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '059 Trigger Algorithm (MuTR) Strips at Station 1 Strips at Station 3 ~25 Strips at Station 2 accept  strip :Sagitta at station 2  strip<=1 INPUT: single  15GeV/c vertex z=0

10. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0510 Beam-Background Rejection Severity of beam backgrounds at 500 GeV, high luminosity, largely unknown. RPC Timing used to eliminate early-time hits. Trigger rejection largely independent of beam-related backgrounds. coming from back (early time hits) coming from front (in time hits) R3R2 R1 Collisions! Beam-Related Background

11. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0511 Physics Timeline 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 …. 2012 (RHIC II) 10 pb -1 ……………………………………  275pb -1 …….. 950pb -1 √s= ……………………….. 200 GeV …………………......... 500 GeV| P= 0.5 0.6 0.7 …………………………………… Inclusive hadrons + Jets ~ 25% Transverse Physics Charm Physics direct photons bottom physics W-physics A LL (hadrons, Jets)A LL (charm) A LL (γ) AL(W)AL(W) L= 1x10 31 cm -2 s -1 6x10 31 cm -2 s -1 1.6x10 32 cm -2 s -1 see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/ @ 200GeV @ 500GeV

12. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0512 PHENIX A L W +/- Sensitivity :  Machine and detector requirements: – ∫Ldt=800pb-1, P=0.7 at √s=500 GeV – Muon trigger upgrade! 2009 to 2012 running at √s=500 GeV is projected to yield ∫Ldt ~950pb -1

13. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0513 Summary The “Spin Crisis” is an opportunity to use spin to probe the structure of the proton! The polarized proton program at RHIC will address two key missing pieces of information through W +/- production: –The antiquark spin structure functions The PHENIX Forward Upgrade will build the equipment necessary to access this physics: –New RPC-based tracking chambers. –New Level-1 Trigger

14. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0514 BACKUP

15. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0515 MuID LL1 Symset Logic 0B 1A 1B 1C 2A 2B 2C 3A 3B 3C 4A 4B 4C OR  >2 OR AND deep Either gap 0 or gap 1 Either gap 3 or gap 4 Three or more hit gaps Expected 1D rejection ~500

16. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0516 AGS LINAC BOOSTER Polarized Source Spin Rotators Partial Snake Siberian Snakes 200 MeV Polarimeter AGS Internal Polarimeter Rf Dipole RHIC pC Polarimeters Absolute Polarimeter (H jet) P HENIX P HOBOS B RAHMS & PP2PP S TAR Siberian Snakes Run 05 AGS pC Polarimeter Polarized p-p at RHIC A New Experimental Method for the Study of Proton Structure Helical Partial Snake Strong Snake Spin Flipper = 50%

17. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0517 Generic LL1 Board Design (ISU) Fiber Bus Termination Xilinx FPGA Logic Fiber Transceiver/GLINK VME Interface 1.8V Regulator JTAG Connector

18. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0518 Existing MuID LL1 System 20 horizontal fibers 20 vertical fibers MuID LL1 Global Level-1 backplane blue logic triggers 16 bits GL1 data accepted event data (4 bits per arm shallow/deep) GenLL1 GL1-2 GL1-1 GL1-1P GL1-3 40 Gbit/s per arm! Another quality product from Iowa State University!

19. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0519 LL1 Block Diagram (RPC) Key issue is to get the MuID LL1 information into the new LL1’s. VME crate Existing MuID LL1 System 40 fibers @ 6xBCLK New Muon Trigger “LVL1.5” (single board does all) 20 fibers @ 6xBCLK 16-bit backplane bus 56 (48) fibers @ 6xBCLK MuTR 20 Fibers @ 6xBCLK RPC New Muon Trigger “LVL1.5” (each board does two octants) LL1 Block Diagram (RPC+MuTR)

20. 10/27/2005J. Lajoie - PANIC '0520 W + Production in p + p Collisions Weak interaction violates parity – quark/antiquark helicities fixed! (left-handed quarks) (right-handed antiquarks)