1. Viral STD’s HPV Human Papilloma Virus Genital Herpes Hepatitis B

2. HPV Human Papilloma Virus What is genital HPV infection? Genital human papillomavirus ( HPV) is the most common STD. There are more than 40 types of HPV that can infect the genital areas of males and females. These HPV types can also infect the mouth and throat. HPV can cause serious health problems, including genital warts and certain cancers. Who is at risk for HPV? Anyone who is having (or has ever had) sex can get HPV. HPV is so common that nearly all sexually-active men and women get it at some point in their lives. How do people get HPV? HPV is passed through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal sex. HPV may also be passed on during oral sex and genital-to-genital contact. In rare circumstances, a pregnant woman with genital HPV can pass the HPV on to her baby during delivery.

3. What are the potential health problems caused by HPV? Most people with HPV never develop symptoms or health problems. Most HPV infections (90%) go away by themselves within two years. But, sometimes, HPV infections will persist and can cause a variety of serious health problems. Genital warts (warts on the genital areas); Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a rare condition in which warts grow in the throat; Cervical cancer, cancer on a woman's cervix Other, less common, but serious cancers, including genital cancers Signs and symptoms of health problems caused by HPV: Genital warts- a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. Warts can appear within weeks or months after sexual contact with an infected partner. Cervical cancer- usually does not cause symptoms until it is quite advanced. Other cancers caused by HPV- might not have signs or symptoms until they are advanced and hard to treat. RRP- is a condition in which warts grow in the throat. RRP can occur in children (juvenile-onset) and adults (adult-onset). How does HPV lead to health problems? In most cases the virus goes away and it does not lead to any health problems. If the virus persists, or does not go away, HPV can cause normal cells to become abnormal. Warts can appear within months after getting HPV. Cancer often takes years—even decades—to develop after a person gets HPV.

4. How common are HPV and health problems caused by HPV? HPV (the virus): Approximately 79 million Americans are currently infected. About 14 million people become newly infected each year. Genital warts: About 360,000 persons get genital warts each year. Cervical cancer: About 10,300 women get cervical cancer each year. Other cancers that can be caused by HPV 2,100 vulvar cancers 500 vaginal cancers 600 penile cancers 2,800 anal cancers in women 1,500 anal cancers in men 1,700 oropharyngeal cancers in women,* 6,700 oropharyngeal cancers in men.* *Note: Other factors, notably tobacco and alcohol use, may also play a role with HPV to cause these cancers. About 21,000 of these cancers are potentially preventable by HPV vaccines. How does HPV affect a pregnant women and her baby? Women with genital warts during the late stages of pregnancy are more likely to have children with warts in the throat, however, this is a very rare condition. Pregnant women can develop cervical cell changes due to HPV.

5. Is there a test for HPV? Tests are available to help screen women aged 30 years and older for cervical cancer. How can HPV be prevented? HPV vaccines are recommended for 11- or 12-year-old boys and girls. Girls and women: Two vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil protect cervical cancer Boys and men: One vaccine, Gardasil, to protect against most genital warts For those who choose to be sexually active, condoms may lower the risk of HPV Being in a faithful relationship with one partner; limiting their number of sex partners; and choosing a partner who has had no or few prior sex partners. Is there a treatment for HPV or health problems caused by HPV? There is no treatment for the virus itself, but there are treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause: Genital warts- can be removed with treatments applied by the provider or the person. Cervical cancer- women should get routine Pap tests and follow up as needed Other HPV-related cancers are also more treatable when diagnosed and treated early. RRP- can be treated with surgery or medicines.

6. What does HPV look like?

7. Genital Herpes What is genital herpes? Genital herpes is an STD caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). How common is genital herpes? Annually, 776,000 people in the U.S. get new herpes infections. Nationwide, 16%, or about one out of six, people aged 14 to 49 years have genital HSV-2 infection. Genital HSV-2 infection is more common in women (approximately 1out of 5 women aged 14 to 49 years) than in men (about one out of nine men aged 14 to 49 years). What are the symptoms of genital herpes? Individuals infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2 experience either no symptoms or have very mild symptoms that go unnoticed or are mistaken for another skin condition. Most people infected with HSV-2 are not aware of their infection. When symptoms do occur, they appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum or mouth. The blisters break and leave painful sores that may take two to four weeks to heal. The first time someone has an outbreak they may also experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, body aches and swollen glands.

8. How do people get genital herpes? Having anal, vaginal or oral sex with someone who has the disease. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be found in and released from the sores that the viruses cause. The viruses can also be released from skin that does not appear to have a sore. A person can only get HSV-2 infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection. Transmission can occur from an infected partner who does not have a visible sore and may not know that he or she is infected. HSV-1 can cause sores in the genital area and infections of the mouth and lips, so-called “fever blisters.” HSV-1 infection of the genitals is caused by mouth to genital or genital to genital contact with a person who has HSV-1 infection. What are the complications of genital herpes? Genital herpes can cause painful genital sores in many adults and can be severe in people with suppressed immune systems. If a person with genital herpes touches their sores or the fluids from the sores, they may transfer herpes to another part of the body. How does genital herpes affect a pregnant woman and her baby? It can be passed from mother to child resulting in a potentially fatal infection (neonatal herpes). It is important that women avoid contracting herpes during pregnancy. At the time of delivery, if herpes symptoms are present at delivery, a cesarean delivery is usually performed.

9. How is genital herpes diagnosed? By visual inspection Sample from the sore(s) and test it Sometimes, can be diagnosed between outbreaks with a blood test. Is there a cure or treatment for herpes? There is no treatment that can cure herpes. Antiviral medications can prevent or shorten outbreaks. Daily suppressive therapy (i.e., daily use of antiviral medication) can reduce the likelihood of transmission to partners. How can herpes be prevented? Correct and consistent use of latex condoms Abstain from sexual contact Be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner Abstain from sexual activity with partners when sores or other symptoms of herpes are present

10. What does genital herpes look like?

12. Hepatitis B What is hepatitis? “Hepatitis” means inflammation of the liver. Toxins, certain drugs, some diseases, heavy alcohol use, and bacterial and viral infections can all cause hepatitis. Hepatitis is also the name of a family of viral infections that affect the liver; the most common types are Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. What is Hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a contagious liver disease that ranges in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness. It results from infection with the Hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B can be either “acute” or “chronic.”. Acute Hepatitis B virus infection- is a short-term illness that occurs within the first 6 months after someone is exposed to the Hepatitis B virus. Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection- is a long-term illness that occurs when the Hepatitis B virus remains in a person’s body.

13. How common is acute Hepatitis B in the United States? In 2007, there were an estimated 43,000 new Hepatitis B virus infections in the United States. However, the official number of reported Hepatitis B cases is much lower. Many people don’t know they are infected or may not have symptoms and therefore never seek the attention of medical or public health officials. Has the number of people in the United States with acute Hepatitis B been decreasing? Yes, rates of acute Hepatitis B in the United States have declined by approximately 82% since 1990. At that time, routine Hepatitis B vaccination of children was implemented and has dramatically decreased the rates of the disease in the United States, particularly among children. How common is chronic Hepatitis B in the United States? In the United States, an estimated 800,000 to 1.4 million persons have chronic Hepatitis B virus infection. How is Hepatitis B spread? Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluid infected with the Hepatitis B virus enters the body of a person who is not infected.

14. Who is at risk for Hepatitis B? Although anyone can get Hepatitis B, some people are at greater risk, such as those who: Have sex with an infected person Have multiple sex partners Have a sexually transmitted disease Live with a person who has chronic Hepatitis B Are infants born to infected mothers What are the symptoms of acute Hepatitis B? Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay- colored bowel movements, joint pain, jaundice (yellow color in the skin or the eyes) How soon after exposure to Hepatitis B will symptoms appear? On average, symptoms appear 90 days (or 3 months) after exposure, but they can appear any time between 6 weeks and 6 months after exposure. How long do acute Hepatitis B symptoms last? Symptoms usually last a few weeks, but some people can be ill for as long as 6 months.

15. What are the symptoms of chronic Hepatitis B? Some people have ongoing symptoms similar to acute Hepatitis B, but most people remain symptom free for as long as 20 or 30 years. About 15%–25% of people with chronic Hepatitis B develop serious liver conditions, such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) or liver cancer. Even as the liver becomes diseased, some people still do not have symptoms, although certain blood tests for liver function might begin to show some abnormalities. Can Hepatitis B be passed from mother to baby? Yes, Hepatitis B can be passed from an infected mother to her baby at birth. How can Hepatitis B be diagnosed? There are many different blood tests available to diagnose Hepatitis B. How is acute Hepatitis B treated? There is no medication available to treat it. During this short-term infection, doctors usually recommend rest, adequate nutrition, and fluids, although some people may need to be hospitalized. How can Hepatitis B be prevented? The best way to prevent Hepatitis B is by getting vaccinated.

16. What does hepatitis B look like?