1. TNO Science & Industry GRPE – informal meeting EFV WG (Bonn, 30 October 2008) Concept for an Environmentally Friendly Vehicle (EFV) (Examples) Gerben Passier (TNO) Working paper No.: EFV-02-05 (GRPE Informal Group on EFV, 2nd Meeting, 30/31 October 2008)

2. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry2 Seperate fuel & vehicle characteristics Further investigation of definitions is needed (this presentation) Importance of default values Vehicle (Energy efficiency) Fuel (carbon content) worse better worse Flexibility for choice of technology current H 2 ? Elec.? E85 E10 E0 EFV1EFV2 treshhold

3. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry3 Assumptions & choices /Scope and parameters Focus on passenger cars first Pollutant emissions not considered (but need minimum standard e.g. Euro 6 Focus on WTW CO2 emissions & Energy efficiency Technology neutral (!) Not included yet: Consider real world Utility based criteria (eg. weight parameter) … Remark: WTT energy efficiency values not finalised

4. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry4 Objective Give insight in relative position of vehicles and fuels regarding WTW CO2 emissions and energy efficiency (NOT to present solution for definition of EFV) Overview graphs: WTW CO2 [g/MJ tank] vs TTW Energy use [MJ tank/km] (average car) WTW CO2 [g/MJ tank] vs TTW Energy use [MJ tank/km] (average fuel) WTW CO2 [g/MJ primary] vs. WTW Energy use [MJ primary/km] WTW CO2 [g/km] vs WTW Energy use [MJ primary/km]

5. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry5 Score fuels (for average car) EU Mix MSR 2 nd gen. Possible to score fuels Score on WTW CO2, both in [g/MJ tank] and [g/km] BUT WTT energy efficiency not included 100 g/km 160 g/km

6. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry6 Score vehicles (for average fuels) PriusTesla SC Honda FCX Average Lexus RX Possible to score vehicles Score on WTW CO2 in [g/km] and TTW Energy use in [MJ tank/km] BUT WTT energy efficiency not included 100 g/km

7. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry7 Include WTT energy efficiency, both in: WTW CO2 [g/ MJ primary] and WTW Energy use [MJ primary/km] Possible to score both vehicles and fuels BUT [g/MJ primary] not suitable for (bio-) fuels ? Remark: WTT energy efficiency are preliminary data EU Mix MSR 100 g/km 160 g/km Preliminary

8. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry8 Score vehicles on: WTW CO2 [g/km] and WTW Energy use [MJ primary/km] Seems best graph to score vehicles Remark: CNG scores relatively poor due to 10% lower engine efficiency Possible EFV criteria Preliminary

9. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry9 Conclusions Type of criteria determine the most suitable graph; The best graph to score vehicles seems to be WTW CO2 in [g/km] vs WTW Energy use [MJ primary /km] Also possible to score Energy use for vehicles TTW [MJ tank/km], but then need to include WTT energy efficiency in specific criteria per fuel Next actions: Further investigate criteria for EFV vehicle Compare more example vehicles such as hybrids

10. GRPE-EFV, Bonn, October 30th 2008TNO Science & Industry10 Thank you !