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Published byRoland Walters Modified over 9 years ago
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Geopolitics- the study of human systems, which are constantly in a state of spatially organizing the land to fit the needs of humans Also called political geography
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the modern concept of territory arose in early modern Europe as a system of political units came into being with fixed distinct boundaries Territoriality- a country’s (or more local community’s) sense of property and attachment towards it territory Territoriality is basically the expression of political control over space
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Citizenship is the legal identity of a person based on the state where he was born or where he was naturalized as an immigrant
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Marks the beginning of the modern state system Negotiated in 1648 Ended the Thirty Years’ War Recognized statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders and guarantees security
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The American public often misuses terms in political geography For example, the difference between a state and a nation, as well as a nation- state
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State- an area with boundaries and sovereignty Nation- a group of people with common cultural characteristics Nation-state- occurs when a state’s boundaries coincide with the cultural boundaries of a particular group
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Iraq is a state divided among three nations Someone who uses the phrase “the nation of Iraq” is trying to describe the state of Iraq The state of Iraq currently has three distinct nations within it: the Sunni Muslims, the Shiite Muslims, and the Kurds These 3 nations within Iraq have disputes that are difficult to resolve within a single political system
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Sovereignty- independence from control of its internal affairs by other states
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The earth is divided among just 200 countries These countries are correctly termed states In the 20 th century, boundaries changed constantly In the past 100 years, the number of states has increased by over 100
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Some states are extended through colonialism or other forces Great Britain, Denmark and other countries posses territories all over the world The United States owns many territories, including American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the commonwealth of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico is the largest territory in the world in terms of population
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Commonwealth- a territory that has established a mutual agreement with another state for the benefit of both parties In return for land use as a military base by the United States, the citizens of Puerto Rico gain full citizenship rights except for representation in Congress
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Territorial dispute- a conflict that arises when two or more countries vie for control over a territory Even when territories are small, they may be sought after vigorously for their economic benefit, their raw materials, or the added prestige that comes with owning a new territory
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In 1982, Great Britain took military action against Argentina over a small group of islands off the Argentina coast The Falkland Islands had a population of only about 2,500. The people primarily make their living from sheep ranching and fishing Great Britain owned it for over a century, however Argentina claimed they were the rightful owners and invaded in 1982
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The war lasted 2 months and Great Britain was victorious After the war the citizens voted they wanted Great Britain to establish sovereign control and voted for English to be their official language
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Nationalism can derive from an existing culture group hat desires political representation or independence, or from a political state that bonds and unifies culture groups Politicians use nationalism as motivation to support the state and oppose foreign or other political influences Individuals tend to take pride in their nationalist identities, even though they or their neighbors may be from different ethnic backgrounds
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