1. Legacy of the Khans Butchers OR Bringers of Light?

2. Legacy of the Khans

3. Genghis Khan (1165-1227 AD) Temuchin (his first name) was betrothed to a woman from another tribe Temuchin (his first name) was betrothed to a woman from another tribe Temuchin at first allied himself and then fought with his father’s blood brother Temuchin at first allied himself and then fought with his father’s blood brother By 1206, he dominated Mongolia and received the title Genghis Khan By 1206, he dominated Mongolia and received the title Genghis Khan

4. Ögedei Khan (1186-1241 AD) Ögedei was an extremely charismatic man, known for his ability to sway doubters simply by force of his personality Ögedei was an extremely charismatic man, known for his ability to sway doubters simply by force of his personality He was elected supreme khan in 1229, according to the kuriltai (military council) held after Genghis' death He was elected supreme khan in 1229, according to the kuriltai (military council) held after Genghis' death

5. Kublai Khan (1215-1294 AD) In 1251, his elder brother Mongke became Khan but then died in 1259 In 1251, his elder brother Mongke became Khan but then died in 1259 Kublai was the next in line but his younger brother usurped power Kublai was the next in line but his younger brother usurped power The brothers battled for three years before Kublai officially installed himself as ruler in 1263 The brothers battled for three years before Kublai officially installed himself as ruler in 1263

6. Mongol “Three All” Policy Long before Imperial Japan, Mongol operations in many areas could indeed be classified as a Three All policy – “burn all, kill all, destroy all”…in a cruel age where few exhibited humane behavior, the Mongols added their own stamp Long before Imperial Japan, Mongol operations in many areas could indeed be classified as a Three All policy – “burn all, kill all, destroy all”…in a cruel age where few exhibited humane behavior, the Mongols added their own stamp

7. Mongol Economic Organization Karakorum was built in 1220 on the orders of Genghis Khan and was founded on the site of a previously built city Karakorum was built in 1220 on the orders of Genghis Khan and was founded on the site of a previously built city The traditional nomadic home is the Ger, as widely used today as in the time of Genghis Khan The traditional nomadic home is the Ger, as widely used today as in the time of Genghis Khan

8. Mongol Military Tactics Organized around decimal units of 10, 100, & 1000, the largest Mongol tactical division was the tümen of 10,000 men Organized around decimal units of 10, 100, & 1000, the largest Mongol tactical division was the tümen of 10,000 men Military engineers provided catapults for hurling stones, throwing javelins, and other machines for throwing fire Military engineers provided catapults for hurling stones, throwing javelins, and other machines for throwing fire

9. Mongol Political Organization The top level of imperial leadership was drawn from the ruling lineage of the area’s founding tribe The top level of imperial leadership was drawn from the ruling lineage of the area’s founding tribe At a secondary level descendants and other relatives of the ruler were usually appointed as governors to supervise the tribal leadership in each region At a secondary level descendants and other relatives of the ruler were usually appointed as governors to supervise the tribal leadership in each region The local tribal leaders constituted the third level of organization The local tribal leaders constituted the third level of organization

10. Religious Tolerance Because the Khans of Mongolia honored all religious faiths, a total of 12 worshipping places of Christian, Buddhist and Islam faiths actively held services Because the Khans of Mongolia honored all religious faiths, a total of 12 worshipping places of Christian, Buddhist and Islam faiths actively held services Genghis Khan's religion is widely speculated to be Shamanism Genghis Khan's religion is widely speculated to be Shamanism

11. Legal Principles The Mongol system can loosely be called a “constitutional system” The Mongol system can loosely be called a “constitutional system” Based on something called Genghis Khan's Great Yasa Based on something called Genghis Khan's Great Yasa Yasas (ordinances) “established a rule for every occasion, a regulation for every circumstance, and a penalty for every crime” Yasas (ordinances) “established a rule for every occasion, a regulation for every circumstance, and a penalty for every crime”

12. Mongol Museums & Art Sculptures of Outer Mongolia combine pieces from various places and fuse them together to form a single sculpture Sculptures of Outer Mongolia combine pieces from various places and fuse them together to form a single sculpture Heads, bodies, limbs, and pedestals of Inner Mongolian sculptures are made separately of beaten copper alloy and fitted together Heads, bodies, limbs, and pedestals of Inner Mongolian sculptures are made separately of beaten copper alloy and fitted together

13. Mongolian Music The Urtyn Duu (“long song”) is a staple of the culture with slow tempos, long melodic lines, and the absence of measured rhythm Bogino Duu (“short song”) differs from the long song by the extreme intensity of the performance The “horse-head fiddle”, or moriin khuur, is a distinctively Mongolian instrument…traditionally played by the uligershin (“bards”) of their culture

14. Mongolian Culture The Festival presented a vast array of Mongolian cultural events including exhibitions, education programs and performing arts presentations, along with Mongolian wrestling and archery competitions The Festival presented a vast array of Mongolian cultural events including exhibitions, education programs and performing arts presentations, along with Mongolian wrestling and archery competitions