1. Matter and Change What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space Sugar is a kind of matter, but it is considered a substance. What is a Substance? A substance contains only one type of matter Pepsi would not be an example of a substance (it is made up of several different substances in varying quantities) Physical Property The quality of a substance that can be observed or measured w/out changing the substance’s composition. Ex: color, solubility, odor, hardness, density, melting & boiling point

2. States of Matter Solid: matter that has a definite shape and volume, the particles in a solid are packed closely together, almost incompressible and expand slightly when heated. Liquid: the particles of a liquid are close together, but unlike solids, they are not rigidly packed. Liquids can flow, they conform to the shape of their container [ form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and takes the shape of its container] Gas: form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. Gases are easily compressed.

3. Physical Changes Change in matter without altering the chemical composition of the material. Ex: cutting, grinding, bending, melting, freezing & freezing of water [boil, freeze, dissolve, melt, condense, break, split, crack, etc.]

4. Questions What are the characteristics of a solid, liquid, and gas? Solid: (a) Solids have neither a definite shape nor definite volume (b) Solids have a definite volume, but no definite shape, nearly incompressible (c) Solids have definite shape and volume, are nearly incompressible

5. Liquids: (a) Liquids have definite shape and volume, are nearly incompressible (b) Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape, nearly incompressible, can flow (c) Liquids have neither a definite shape nor definite volume

6. Questions Gases: (a)Gases have neither definite shape nor definite volume (b)Gases have definite volume but no definite shape, nearly incompressible, can flow (c)Gases have definite shape and volume, are nearly incompressible

7. Questions Which are physical changes? (a)Making caramel from sugar (b)Carving a wooden figurine (c)Freezing mercury (d)Dissolving salt in water