1. Teaching Students to be Peacemakers D. W. Johnson & R. T. Johnson Dr. Franky D’Oosterlinck

2. The Problem of disruptive students in schools.  The destructiveness with which conflicts are managed increases.  The public pressure for safe and orderly schools grows.  Aggression and poor social skills lead to exclusion.

3. Twelve steps of Managing Classroom Conflicts

4. What is a conflict ?  A conflict exist whenever incompatible activities occur. (Deutsch 1973)  An activity that is incompatible with another activity is one that prevents, blocks, or interferes with the occurrence of effectiveness of the second activity. A Conflict Positive School  Is a school where conflicts are encouraged and managed constructively to maximize their potential in enhancing the quality of teaching, learning, and school life in general.

5. Conflict are constructive if they…  Result in an agreement that allows all participants to achieve their goals.  Strengthen the relationship among participants by increasing their positive feelings, respect and trust for each other.  Increase participants’ ability to resolve future conflicts with each other constructively.

6. The peacemaker programme  Cooperative context  Negotiation  Mediation

7. What makes Cooperation Work ?  Positive Interdependence  Individual Accountability  Face-To-Face Promotive Interaction  Social Skills  Group Processing

8. Four conflict strategies

10. Mediating  End Hostilities  Ensure Commitment to Mediation  Facilitate Negotiations  Help Disputants Present Reasons  Help Disputants Reverse Perspectives  Help Disputants Invent Options  Formalize Agreement  When Mediation Fails ?

11. Evaluation : TSTBP  There is a clear and extensive theory.  Several experimental-control, pre- post studies.  Results : Children need to learn social skills Children need to learn conflict management skills

12. Research: TSTBP  Mediating en negotiating skills increase, effect on short and long term  More time on task during class  Better school results  Positive attitude during conflicts  Less time of adults solving conflicts