1. DNA Replication

2. Definition: The DNA within the nucleus is Replicated Before a cell can go through mitosis or meiosis the DNA MUST be replicated, or the new cells would have only HALF the amount of DNA

3. How Does it Replicate? 1.An enzyme begins replication by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases (“unzipping”) 2.The free-floating nucleotides attach to the nitrogen bases using another enzyme

4. How Does it Replicate?… 3.The strand continues to “unzip” until the entire strand has become “unzipped” and replicated 4. Each new strand formed is a complement of the original (parent) strand

5. DNA Replication

6. Proofreading New DNA Initially about 1 in 10,000 mistakes in base pairing during replication! Enzymes proofread and correct these mistakes The new error rate for DNA that has been proofread is 1 in 1 billion base pairing errors

7. Semiconservative Model of Replication Idea presented by Watson & CrickIdea presented by Watson & Crick TheThe two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each acts as a template for a new complementary strand New DNA consists of 1 original and 1 new strand of DNA Original DNA DNA Template New DNA

8. What's The Big Deal? DNA achieves its goals by producing proteins All living things contain proteins (muscles, skin, and bones) Everything that you do depends on proteins called enzymes These enzymes are important because they control chemical reactions that control life

9. Proteins Proteins control cell functions and chemical reactions Made up of amino acids – so we call them “polymers” of amino acids A group of nucleotides in each gene carry information for making a string of amino acids that make up a protein