2. I can name the process of creating a protein. I can identify the sugar in RNA. I can identify the number of strands in RNA. I can list the bases in RNA. I can explain the 6 steps of Protein Synthesis. I can define a mutation. I can explain a substitution mutation. I can explain a deletion mutation. I can explain an addition mutation.

3.  Protein  Protein Synthesis  RNA  Ribose  Nitrogenous Base  Adenine  Thymine  Uracil  Guanine  Cytosine  DNA  Nucleus  Cytoplasm  Ribosome  Amino Acid  Mutation  Substitution Mutation  Deletion Mutation  Addition Mutation

5. How do we make proteins?  The process is called protein synthesis. Don’t be scared by this busy picture! We will work through it step by step!

6. RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid  It is single-stranded  The sugar in the nucleotide is called ribose  The 4 nitrogenous bases are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil RNA Strand

7.  The DNA “unzips,” meaning the 2 DNA strands separate from each other

8.  A strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed by using one side of the unzipped DNA

9. Cytosine & Guanine Adenine & Thymine  Guanines and Cytosines still match up! Adenine and Thymine are different!  If the DNA strand has a Thymine, the mRNA strand will match an Adenine. BUT –  If the DNA strand has an Adenine, the mRNA strand will match a Uracil, NOT a Thymine.

11.  mRNA leaves the nucleus, enters the cytoplasm, and attaches to a ribosome

12.  Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules “read” triplets of the mRNA to place amino acids

13.  Amino acids are added to the chain until a “STOP” triplet is reached

14.  The chain of amino acids (called a protein when put all together) is released into the cytoplasm

15. The amino acids form a very long line. They begin to coil up on themselves and eventually all coil up into this big structure we call a protein.

19. There are lots of cats with 6 toes on their front feet in Key West because of a mutation. Bacteria become resistant to our medicines because they have mutations.

23. 1. Can a mutation make you a superhero? 2. What is the process of making a protein called? 3. Which of the following bases is NOT found in RNA? 4. What is the first step in protein synthesis? 5. _______ is “read” by tRNA to create a chain of _________________.

25.  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fper sonalizedmedicine.partners.org%2FAssets%2Fdocuments%2FEducation%2FPM- Conf_Archive%2FPMC%25202014%2520PROGRAM%2520FINAL%2520- %25202.pdf&psig=AFQjCNE6e1Lhm4Rkv11AlSCmnk6JPSqXmQ&ust=1455239197271855  http://image.slidesharecdn.com/protein-synthesis-1211978288012505-9/95/protein-synthesis-1-728.jpg?cb=1211952941 http://image.slidesharecdn.com/protein-synthesis-1211978288012505-9/95/protein-synthesis-1-728.jpg?cb=1211952941  http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2007/07/essential.asp http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/ChemScience/Volume/2007/07/essential.asp  https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/f5/71/08/f5710867d1d95b1d8f60469e307868c4.jpg  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj2vtmq0u7KAhU F6SYKHb46A4gQjB0IBg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niaid.nih.gov%2Ftopics%2FantimicrobialResistance%2FUnderstanding%2FP ages%2Fmutation.aspx&psig=AFQjCNH0Qc0_axAe4fDLcId7RJ-It0SbTA&ust=1455243359369543  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/mutation.aspx https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/mutation.aspx  http://prohealthinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Graphic_Gene_Mutations.jpg http://prohealthinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Graphic_Gene_Mutations.jpg  http://www.aboutthemcat.org/organic-chemistry/amino-acids-and-proteins.php http://www.aboutthemcat.org/organic-chemistry/amino-acids-and-proteins.php  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100_protein https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100_protein  http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/3.7/ http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/3.7/  http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=gG7uCskUOrA