5. Safety Washing hands frequently Airflow No smoking or eating in lab Wearing protective clothing and use of protective equipment.

19. Specimen Information Laboratory serial number Date received Patient’s name, sex, age, & address Name of Health Institution Reason for exam

32. Standard reagents: Carbol Fuchsin Acid/Alcohol or Sulfuric Acid Methylene Blue

45. 100 fields!! Examining fewer than 100 fields can cause a false negative report.

49. Discard of Specimens Burning Boiling Autoclaving

51. WHO and IUATLD Negative Report: “Negative for acid-fast bacilli where no organisms have been observed in 100 fields. Positive Report: “Positive for acid-fast bacilli : Provide AFB quantitation.

52. Semi-quantitative reporting Ziehl Neelsen No AFB are found in 100 fields: “No acid-fast bacilli observed.” 1-9 /100 fields: Report the exact figure. 10-99 AFB /100 fields, 1+ 1-10AFB /field, 2+ Greater than 10 AFB/ field, 3+

53. Information Evaluation of the quality of the specimen Staining method used (Ziehl Neelsen) Smear result Date of exam Signature of microscopist

57. Some reasons for false positive results: Errors in specimen handling or recording information Re-use of containers or positive slides Unfiltered fuchsin Contaminated immersion oil Inadequate decolorization

58. Some reasons for false negative results: Errors in specimen handling or recording information Poor quality sputum Excessive decolorization Reading less than 100 microscopic fields