1. CHAPTER 13
REVIEW

2. What led the way to new industrial frontiers in the Second Industrial Revolution?
Steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum

3. Who sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901?
Guglielmo Marconi

4. What did the internal combustion engine give rise to?
Automobiles, airplanes, and improved ocean liners

5. According to Karl Marx, which class of people were oppressed by the middle class?
The Proletariat

6. Who were the revisionists?
Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of a more political approach

7. What famous book was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles?
The Communist Manifesto

8. What had trade unions done for the working class by 1914?
They bettered their living and working conditions

9. Define proletariat.
The working class

10. What class of people controlled 30 to 40 percent of the wealth in the early 1900s but made up only 5 percent of the population?
The new elite

11. Who founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and the Sick in Hamburg, Germany?
Amalie Sieveking

12. Who founded the Women’s Social and Political Union?
Emmaline Pankhurst and her daughters

13. Define the principle of ministerial responsibility.
The prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected legislative body and not to the executive officer

14. Define Duma
The Russian legislative assembly created by Nicholas II

15. Identify the Triple Entente
The alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia

16. Identify the Triple Alliance
The alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

17. What did Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity state?
if all material things disappear out of the universe, time and space would disappear with them

18. Whose discovery of radium changed the world’s view of the atom?
Marie Curie’s

19. What was applied to human society in a radical way by nationalists and racists?
Social Darwinism

20. What did symbolists believe about the world?
That it was a collection of symbols that reflected the true reality, which was the individual mind

21. According to Sigmund Freud how was human behavior determined?
It is strongly determined by repressed experiences

22. Identify Vincent van Gogh
He was a postimpressionist painter for whom art was a spiritual experience

23. Identify Pablo Picasso.
He created the style of painting called cubism

24. Define functionalism
the idea that buildings, like the products of machines, should be useful and lack unnecessary ornamentation

25. What percentage of the European population belonged to the working class in the early 1900s?
80%

26. What was one form of Marxist socialism eventually called?
Communism

27. What did Monet, Renoir, Morisot, and van Gogh have in common?
They were all impressionist or postimpressionist painters

28. What was the Second International?
An association of socialist groups

29. Name three (3) things that compulsory elementary education eventually created a demand for?
Teachers, female colleges, and newspapers

30. Russia opposed Austria-Hungary over the 1908 annexation of what country?
Bosnia

31. Great Britain had a two party system by 1871. What were the two parties?
Liberals and conservatives

32. Did scientific discoveries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries increase uncertainty about the universe or lead to a belief in a universe with certainty and precision?
It increased uncertainty about the universe

33. THE END