1. 8

2. GRADES 8-12 M. WETHERBEE THE SECRETS IN THE SKULL

3. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY Bones are often only remainders after a body decomposes Forensic anthropologists use bones to solve crimes Can determine age, race, sex, general health, and cause of death using bones

4. THE SKULL Made up of 22 Bones Two regions Cranium: skull without the jaw Mandible: lower jaw

5. THE BONES THAT MAKE UP THE SKULL

6. TEETH Four different types Incisors Canines Premolars Molars Also used to identify a victim X-rays/dental records

8. SEX Men More prominent Slanted frontal bone Pronounced brow ridge Square chin Women More delicate features/less prominent Rounded frontal bone Smooth brow ridge Rounded chin

9. MALE VS FEMALE

10. AGE Sutures used to determine age Suture: the place where two major bones join together Bones not fused at birth different bones fuse at different times Skull becomes smoother over time Younger person has more prominent sutures than older person

11. RACE Anthropologists take measurements, compare them to database called Fordisc Thickness, structure of bones Also, breadth of nasal aperture, nasal root height, head shape, suture appearance, distance between occipitals, prominence of zygomatics, jaw thickness, brow ridge size, slope of frontal bone, etc.

13. CAUSE OF DEATH Antemortem: before death Will show signs of healing Perimortem: around the time of death Used to determine cause of death Different forces cause different injuries Postmortem: after death Caused by weather or scavengers

14. Blunt force trauma Gunshot wound

15. EXAMINING THE SKULL