1. Osmosis (Revisited) Video

2. Density mass per volume of seawater Determined by temperature and salinity Density of seawater increases all the way to its freezing point of -1.9 º C

3. Pressure

4. Light

6. Oceanic Circulation Surface –Wind Driven currents, waves and tides Deep Sea Currents –Thermohaline Circulation (Oceanic Conveyor Belt) Waves Tides

7. Atmospheric Circulation Atmospheric conditions lead to the development of winds –Less dense air rises causing a low pressure –Heavier air sinks causing a high pressure

8. Atmospheric Circulation

9. Coriolis Effect Earth’s rotation changes speed depending on the latitude –Greatest at the equator (1674 km/hr) –Smallest at poles (0 km/hr) N. Hemisphere – Deflects motion to right S. Hemisphere – Deflects motion to left

10. Coriolis Effect

11. Salinity

12. Temperature

13. Surface Currents: Wind Driven Wind imparts energy –Speed –Fetch (distance over which wind blows) –Duration Coriolis force deflects currents –Northern Hemisphere: deflection to right –Southern Hemisphere: deflection to left Geography affects currents

14. Beaufort Wind Force Scale (NOAA) Force 0 Force 2 Force 7Force 11

15. Surface Currents: Wind Driven Wind imparts energy –Speed –Fetch (distance over which wind blows) –Duration Coriolis force deflects currents –Northern Hemisphere: deflection to right –Southern Hemisphere: deflection to left Geography affects currents

16. Beaufort Wind Force Scale (NOAA) Force 0 Force 2 Force 7Force 11

17. Winds and the Resulting Ocean Flow

18. Ekman Spiral

19. Major Surface Currents of the Oceans

22. Thermohaline Circulation Deep Currents are density related –As water gets colder and more saline it sinks –Downwelling Areas: where water sinks –Upwelling Areas: where water rises to surface Conditions at surface determine the temperature and salinity of water –Density determines the depth to which the water sinks

23. Atlantic Deep Water Formation

24. The Oceanic Conveyor Belt