1. The Ocean-Atmosphere Connection, The Ocean-Atmosphere Connection, Stirring Up The Deep Geosc040, Lecture 10 Feb 11, 2016 James Bay - Hold Back The River Thanks to Jennifer A., Kirk M, & Hannah R. Down By the Seaside - Led Zeppelin Dirty Heads - Cabin By the Sea The River Bruce Springsteen

2. On-line Assignment 5 due today Homework 2 due Feb 23. Two attempts with limited review. Today’s reading is so cool my head is spinning…

3. Satellite based views of ocean circulationSatellite based views of ocean circulation Required viewing…

4. The Sea Around Us My Job in Geosc040 100 Thomas… CLASS Wait for clicker questions Help is on the way!

5. The Ocean- Atmosphere Connection, Winds & Surface Currents In 4 easy pieces: Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis,

6. ThermoHaline Circulation in 4 easy pieces: Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis,

8. Ocean Circulation Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7A

9. Ocean Circulation Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.3

10. Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.4 ThermoHaline Circulation Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis

11. Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.5 ThermoHaline CirculationHeating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis ThermoHaline Circulation Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis

12. The Sea Around Us The North Pacific Gyre is the home of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. https://sites.google.com/site/greatpacificgyre/

13. The North Pacific Gyre is the home of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. https://sites.google.com/site/gre atpacificgyre/https://sites.google.com/site/gre atpacificgyre/

15. Have you seen the TED lecture? How the oceans can clean themselves: Boyan Slat at TEDxDelf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROW9F-c0kIQ

16. Coriolis Considerations Think about inertia!

17. The Gulf Stream is an example of a Western Boundary Current formed in this way So is the E. Australian Current WBC EBC

18. Gyres and Sea-surface Topography The Hill is a balance between Coriolis and Pressure

19. Today’s in-class iClicker exercises: A)Full credit if you answer 75% or more of the questions B) If there are 10 questions and you answer at least 8 of them you’ll get full credit for today (100%) C) If you answer the question correctly you’ll get a bonus point, up to a maximum of 105% for today’s in-class exercise D) All of the above (this is the correct answer, choose D!)

20. The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere

21. The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere

22. L H H H H

23. L H H H H

24. Coriolis Coriolis acceleration a c where Ω is the angular velocity (magnitude equal to the rotation rate ω) and v is the velocity of the object in the rotating systemangular velocity The Coriolis acceleration may be multiplied by the mass of the relevant object to produce the Coriolis force: F c = m a c See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolis_effect

25. Variation of Coriolis with latitude causes differences between Eastern and Western Boundary Currents Coriolis acceleration a c occurs to bodies in a rotating system…. The Coriolis acceleration may be multiplied by the mass of the relevant object to produce the Coriolis force: F c = m a c

26. North Atlantic Gyre Effect of winds and coriolis

27. Variation of Coriolis with latitude causes differences between Eastern and Western Boundary Currents

28. The Coriolis Effect

29. Coriolis : Impacts atmospheric circulation and ocean currents

30. 0 30 60 Global patterns of wind along with Coriolis forcing, explain the basic pattern of large-scale ocean surface currents: The Gyres Blue arrows show local wind direction at the sea surface yellow arrows show local current direction of ocean surface

31. Ocean currents form large GYRES 0 30 60 These are a product of: 1.Wind direction 2.the Coriolis effect, 3.Ekman spiral effects.

32. The Coriolis Effect L H

33. L H H H H

34. L H H H H

35. L H H H H Southern Hemisphere

36. The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere

37. The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere

38. The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere

39. The Coriolis Effect L H H H H Southern Hemisphere

40. Trujillo & Thurman, Fig 7.5 ThermoHaline CirculationHeating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis ThermoHaline Circulation Heating, Wind, Currents, Coriolis

41. How does heat transport work to produce deepwater circulation? What is the pattern of deepwater movement through the ocean? How long, on average does this passage take?

42. How does heat transport work to produce deepwater circulation? What is the pattern of deepwater movement through the ocean? How long, on average does this passage take? How long does it take to cycle ocean water through rivers and back again? Residence time of water in the ocean Volume = 1.4 x 10 9 km 3 River Influx = 3.7 x 10 5 km 3 /yr t = Volume / Influx 1.4 x 10 9 km 3 3.7 x 10 5 km 3 t = 4000 years t =

43. 500 to 2000 years! t = What is the residence time of deep water in the large ocean basins?

44. Global "Thermohaline" Circulation Circulation of ocean water driven by temperature and salinity differences

45. Heat Transfer on Earth: Sensible heat transfer Latent heat transfer OK, warm water flows toward the poles, but How does heat actually get transferred?

46. Wind and Ocean Currents are driven by heat imbalance

47. Heat Transfer on Earth: Sensible heat transfer Latent heat transfer http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOU RCES/.LEVITUS94/.ANNUAL/fig viewer.html?map.url=a-+.temp+- a+X+Y+fig-+colors+land+-fig