1.  No ample opportunity to practice  Error consistency and anticipation  Translation possible  Common cultural background  Possible to give instructions in native language  Motivation difficult

2.  Relax rules for use of native language  Learn the language of the students  Meet locals who can help you  Read and learn about culture of the students  Respect culture of students  Give opportunities to speak outside of class  Assign homework and projects  Use video and audio  Use a variety of reading materials  Let students record your class  Set up a self access center

3.  How are students taught in the culture?  How do students respect the teacher?  How do students study in the culture?  What is good classroom behavior in the culture?  How are students normally assessed?  What general knowledge do students have?

4.  Only answer students’ questions asked in target language.  Provide a chart where students can earn points for speaking target language.  Draw a sunflower center on a board where petals are added when the class tries to speak only target language.  Use reward cards for using target language.  Offer food for classes where target language is used.  Use humor: Hmmm! Is this an English class?  Use games that create competition to speak target language.  Establish rules that are written on the board.  Mix it up.  Have fun.  Keep activities moving quickly.  Let students do most of the talking.

5. Create a short one minute activity for students to speak English.