1. Alchemy Unit Investigation II: Basic Building Materials Create a Table Breaking the Code

2. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II ChemCatalyst In 1889 a Russian chemistry teacher created an organized table of the elements. At the time only 63 different elements were known. Below is a reproduction of that table. What do you think the numbers represent?

3. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II

4. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II The Big Question How did Mendeleyev organize the elements?

5. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II You will be able to: Explain how the periodic table of elements is organized.

6. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Dimitri Mendeleyev is credited with organizing the elements into the first periodic table. The main properties that Mendeleyev used to sort the elements were reactivity with one another and a number describing the atomic weight of each element. Notes

7. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Activity Purpose: The goal of this lesson is to acquaint you with Mendeleyev’s organization of the elements by allowing you to create your own table from the patterns you see in the elements.

8. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Making Sense Below are five possible cards for the element germanium. Where does germanium belong in the table? Which card seems most accurate to you? What is your reasoning? (cont.)

9. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Germanium Ge 62.7 Germanium Ge 62.7 Germanium Ge 66.0 Germanium Ge 72.6 AB C DE Germanium Ge 72.6 (cont.)

10. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II What would you add to the three empty corners to complete the card? Germanium Ge (cont.)

11. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Found in GeH 4 gas 72.6 Silver, metalloid Moderately soft Reacts very slowly with oxygen

12. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Completed Table (cont.)

13. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Check-In Which of the following elements would you find in the same group on the periodic table? Explain your thinking. Cadmium Cd Moderately soft, silvery solid, metal React very slowly with waterFound in CdCl 2 (s) Zinc Zn Moderately hard, silvery solid, metal Reacts very slowly with waterFound in ZnCl 2 (s) Iodine I Purple solid, nonmetalReacts slowly with metalsFound in I Cl (s) Mercury Hg Silvery liquid, metalDoes not react with waterFound in HgCl 2 (s)

14. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Wrap-Up Mendeleyev organized the periodic table based on the properties of the elements. Mendeleyev’s arrangement of the elements helped to predict the existence of undiscovered elements.

15. Alchemy Unit – Investigation II Lesson 5: Breaking the Code

16. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II

17. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II ChemCatalyst Where did Mendeleyev place copper, Cu, on the periodic table he created? (Note: The atomic weight of copper is 63.) Where would you put copper, Cu, on your periodic table? Explain your thinking.

18. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II The Big Question How can you predict properties of elements using a periodic table?

19. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II You will be able to: Interpret some of the information given in the periodic table.

20. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Notes (cont.)

21. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Notes (cont.) (cont.)

22. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Notes (cont.) (cont.)

23. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II The elements in the middle of the table are referred to as the transition elements, or the transition metals. Notes (cont.)

24. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Activity Purpose: This lesson will help to identify many of the patterns that are contained in the periodic table of the elements. (cont.)

25. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II (cont.)

26. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Making Sense The elements copper and gold are both relatively unreactive. It is easy to bend and shape both metals. Both are used to make coins and jewelry. Is the similarity in their properties consistent with their locations on the periodic table? Explain why or why not.

27. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Notes

28. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Check-In Use the cards for Cu, copper, and Au, gold, to describe all you can about the element silver, Ag shiny, reddish metal found in CuCl reacts slowly in air Copper shiny, yellow metal found in AuCl Not very reactive Gold Cu 63.5 Au 197.0

29. © 2004 Key Curriculum Press. Unit 1 Investigation II Wrap-Up Elements in each column of the periodic table have similar properties. We can predict the characteristics of a missing element based on the qualities of the elements found adjacent to it in a periodic table.