1. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON 1 Chapter 7

2. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINS 2 Section 1

3. Problems with France in 1780s 3 1. bad harvests 2. high taxes 3. who’s questioning authority?

4. The Old Order 4 3 large social classes (estates) 1 st = Catholic Church 2 nd = rich nobles/do not pay taxes 3 rd = 97% of pop.  Bourgeoisie (middle class), have money but pay taxes  City workers (poor laborers + servants)  Peasants (80% of entire pop.)

5. The Forces of Change 5 1. Enlightenment ideas  Inspired by American Rev.  Rousseau + Voltaire = equality + democracy 2. economic problems  High taxes hurt trade industry  Bad weather -> less grain - > expensive bread  Debt from overspending by Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

6. The Forces of Change 6 3. a weak leader  Louis XVI does not listen to advisors  Listens to wife from Austria who buys jewels and gambles  Runs out of money  Taxes nobles  Second Estate (nobles) force him to call a meeting of all three estates (Estates-General)

7. Dawn of the Revolution 7 Each estate had one vote 3 rd estate wants each delegate to have a vote They break away to form the National Assembly  Pass laws and reforms  Representative govt. Tennis Court Oath – new constitution

8. Storming the Bastille 8 Political prison in Paris is taken over by a mob

9. The Great Fear 9 Rebellion spread throughout the countryside Peasants burned the houses of nobles Women riot over increase in price of bread -> kill some of the king’s guards

10. NAPOLEON FORGES AN EMPIRE 10 Section 3

11. Napoleon Bonaparte Seizes Power 11 Military school at nine Joins army of the new govt. during the Revolution Leads French army in wins against Austria + Kingdom of Sardinia Chaos in France -> a coup d'état in 1799 and Napoleon becomes ruler (dictator) of France Britain, Austria, and Russia sign peace agreements with Napoleon

12. Napoleon Rules France 12 1800 – a plebiscite – vote of the people – approves a new constitution that gives Napoleon full power Economy – stable supply of tax money Dismisses corrupt govt. officials Lycees – govt. - run public schools Concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius VII to allow the Church to have some influence

13. Napoleon Rules France 13 Napoleonic Code – comprehensive/uniform system of laws  Eliminates many injustices  Less freedom of speech/press  Order over individual rights Crowns himself Emperor of France in 1804

14. Napoleon’s Empire 1807 - 1812 14 Restore productive sugar industry Enslaved Africans win war against Napoleon on island of Saint Domingue (Haiti)  Sells Louisianan territory to the U.S. for $15 million  Punish the British Takes over most of Europe except G. Britain after defeat in Battle of Trafalgar

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16. NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE COLLAPSES 16 Section 4

17. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes 17 1. The Continental System  Sets up a blockade – a closing of ports linking Great Britain with rest of Europe  Attempts to destroy Great Britain’s economy  Britain sets up a better blockade  French economy suffers

18. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes 18 2. Peninsula War  1808 – Napoleon sends troops through Spain to make Portugal accept the Continental System  Makes his brother Joseph the Spanish king  Spanish fear the Catholic Church will be attacked  Spanish peasants fight with guerilla warfare  Britain helps  Napoleon loses 300,000 men  Nationalism – loyalty to one’s country - increases