1. MAPPING

2. Map Requirments: Basic Features 1. TITLE (usually, area displayed and the topic/purpose 2. LEGEND (explains the meaning of the symbols and colours) 3. SCALE (compares the distance between points on the map with the actual distance between those points, allowing the reader to measure distance and calculate area) Large-scale maps show a large amount of detail in a small area (1:50 000 and 1:25 000 or less are considered large-scale maps). 1:50 000 means that 1cm on the map represents 50 000cm/500m on the earth’s surface. Small-scale maps show a small amount of detail of a large area (1:250 000 and 1:500 000 or more are considered small-scale maps.

4. 4. DATE OF PUBLICATION (indicates if the information is recent) 5. DIRECTION (represented in two ways: 1) by direction or “north” arrow/symbol, or 2) by the use of latitude and longitude lines 6. BORDERS (set the map apart from other information)

5. General Purpose Maps – information overload! https://maps.google.ca/maps?hl=en&q=map+of+ot tawa+roads&ie=UTF-8 Find: Major roads Railway lines Parks Bodies of Water Districts

6. Thematic Maps – these maps use colours to show us the location of a specific feature. Feature: is what the map is showing us Legend: tells us how to read the information What do you do? Match the colour to the legend.

7. Sample #1 Feature: Legend: Permafrost and Ground Ice Conditions Colours show the permafrost zones

8. Sample #2 Feature: Legend: Relief – height of the surface of the land Colours show the height of the land Points A B A B 300 – 400 m 2000 – 3000 m

9. Topographic Maps – is a detailed map that shows both physical and human features.

10. Contour Lines – thin brown lines that trace the surface elevation, show how high the land is above sea level. Top ViewBottom View

11. Secrets in the Lines A - Where the slopes are steeper, the contour lines are closer together B - Where the slopes are gentler, the contours lines are further apart A B

12. Contour Interval Contour interval – this is the distance between each contour line. It remains the same for the whole map. Spot Height – this is the exact height of the land at that point only. The top left shows a spot height. (14) · 14

13. Spot & Contour Heights A B C D E A) B) C) D) E) 12 45 0 20 30

14. Which Way Do Rivers Flow Contours can show you the direction that rivers flow. The V shaped contours point up the valley. Rivers flow down valleys.

15. Seatwork Answer questions on p. 26 #1, 3, 6, 7 a & b 8 a & b #10, 11 a, b & c 12 a, b, c, d & e