1. SEMINAR ON DIRECT METHOD

2. INTRODUCTION ELT – tremendous change during 20 th century Methodology of teaching English changed over periods

3. PRINCIPLES Classroom instruction in target language Grammar taught indirectly through situations Advocates the use of everyday vocabulary and structure Meaning illustrated through concrete objects (realia) and models while abstract by association of ideas Students encouraged to think in target language

4. Speaking given more emphasis than reading or writing Translation completely banished, actions preferred for explanation Use of chain activities followed by verbal comments Grammar taught inductively Emphasis on correct grammar and pronunciation

5. TECHNIQUES Reading aloud Question answer exercise Self correction Conversation practice Fill in the blanks practice Dictation Paragraph writing

6. ADVANTAGES Emphasises oral and speech practice, right pronunciation, stress etc Direct association between thought and expression Makes learning easy and pleasant Can cover more content in less time Suitable to teach idioms

7. DISADVANTAGES Dearth of competent teachers to teach in this method Over emphasis to oral work Less effective for average or below average students Expensive Coursebooks / sourcebooks may not be available

8. CONCLUSION Developed as a response to grammar Translation Method Teaching done in target language, grammar taught inductively Teacher as facilitator and students as active learners