1. Ch. 10 Photosynthesis Converting Solar Energy into Chemical Energy…here we go!

2. Overview of Energy Transfer Net Equation for Photosynthesis: Net Equation for Aerobic Respiration:

3. Overview of Energy Transfer Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration often considered opposites of each other? solar energy Photosynthesis chloroplast Cellular Respiration mitochondrion CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 ATP! excess heat

4. Thomas Englemann Experiment Procedure: Results: Conclusion:

5. Thomas Englemann Experiment Procedure: Results: Conclusion:

7. Photosynthesis – the basics! solar energy chloroplast thylakoid membrane stroma cytoplasm 1. Light Reactions 2. Calvin cycle H2OH2O O2O2 CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 ATP ADP NADPH NADP

10. Light Reactions – the details! photosystem I photosystem II light energy e-e- primary acceptor H2OH2O O2O2 e-e- chlorophyll

11. Light Reactions – the details! photosystem I photosystem II light energy e-e- primary acceptor H2OH2O O2O2 e-e- light energy e-e- primary acceptor e-e- NADP NADPH NADP Reductase e-e-

12. Light Reactions – the details! photosystem I photosystem II light energy e-e- primary acceptor H2OH2O O2O2 e-e- light energy e-e- primary acceptor e-e- NADP NADPH NADP Reductase e-e- ETC ETC involved in making ATP ATP! Cytochrome complex

13. Illustration of Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis

16. How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

17. H2OH2O P II PIPI thylakoid membrane stroma light energy e-e- e-e- O2O2

18. How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane… H2OH2O P II PIPI thylakoid membrane stroma light energy e-e- e-e- O2O2 e-e- NADP NADPH e-e- Calvin cycle NADP Reductase

19. How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane… H2OH2O P II PIPI thylakoid membrane stroma light energy e-e- e-e- O2O2 e-e- NADP NADPH e-e- Calvin cycle NADP Reductase

20. How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane… Calvin cycle H+H+ ETC becomes proton pump! H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP ATP X

21. How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

22. - - ATP Reminder - -

24. Cylic Electron Flow Alternative…Why?

29. Some plants have adaptations in regard to photosynthesis in order to survive arid environments. Why would these adaptations be necessary?

30. What theme of AP biology could this be an example of?

31. Practice #1  When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____. A. splitting of water B. breaking down ATP C. removing them from NADPH D. fixing carbon E. oxidizing glucose

32. Practice #1  When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____. A. splitting of water B. breaking down ATP C. removing them from NADPH D. fixing carbon E. oxidizing glucose

33. Practice #2  Which of the following is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle? A. sugar B. oxygen C. water D. NADPH and ATP E. ADP + Pi

34. Practice #2  Which of the following is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle? A. sugar B. oxygen C. water D. NADPH and ATP E. ADP + Pi

35. Practice #3  Carbon dioxide is utilized in photosynthesis during A. the light reactions. B. the Krebs cycle. C. the Calvin cycle. D. the electron transport chain. E. ATP synthesis.

36. Practice #3  Carbon dioxide is utilized in photosynthesis during A. the light reactions. B. the Krebs cycle. C. the Calvin cycle. D. the electron transport chain. E. ATP synthesis.

37. Practice #4  Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. oxygen B. sugar C. high-energy electrons D. ATP E. NADPH

38. Practice #4  Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. oxygen B. sugar C. high-energy electrons D. ATP E. NADPH

39. Practice #5  The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. A. capturing sunlight B. producing carbon dioxide C. making sugar D. oxidizing glucose E. splitting water

40. Practice #5  The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. A. capturing sunlight B. producing carbon dioxide C. making sugar D. oxidizing glucose E. splitting water

41. Practice #6  The O 2 released during photosynthesis comes from A. H 2 O B. CO 2 C. NADPH D. RuBP E. C 6 H 12 O 6

42. Practice #6  The O 2 released during photosynthesis comes from A. H 2 O B. CO 2 C. NADPH D. RuBP E. C 6 H 12 O 6

43. Practice #7  Which of the following enzymes is responsible for CO 2 fixation in C 3 plants? A. Succinate dehydrogenase B. Hexokinase C. Amylase D. DNA polymerase E. RuBP carboxylase

44. Practice #7  Which of the following enzymes is responsible for CO 2 fixation in C 3 plants? A. Succinate dehydrogenase B. Hexokinase C. Amylase D. DNA polymerase E. RuBP carboxylase

45. Practice #8  Which of the following is the process in which O 2 is released as a by- product of oxidation-reduction reactions? A. glycolysis B. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) C. Calvin cycle D. Light Reactions E. chemiosmosis

46. Practice #8  Which of the following is the process in which O 2 is released as a by- product of oxidation-reduction reactions? A. glycolysis B. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) C. Calvin cycle D. Light Reactions E. chemiosmosis