1. Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape

2. Introduction Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Grapevine removes an appreciable amount of nutrients from soil. It has been estimated that an average crop of grape removes kg N, kg P and kg K from the soil. The demand can be meet out with the application of manures and fertilizers because soil of India are generally poor in fertility and low in organic matter.
Among major nutrients, N deficiency is universal. For better nutrient use efficiency, source of nutrients, time of application, methods of application and doses of fertilizers/ nutrients are important.

3. Introduction Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Chemical fertilizers have been the key elements in enhancing the fruit production in India. Fertilizer is the macro-micro nutrients carrier which when applied judiciously to soil or foliage meets the nutrient need of the crop. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted.
From the point of view of environmental protection the word judicious is very relevant in the in nutrient management. It implies high fertilizer management such as split application, efficient timing and proper placement etc need to be adopted.
Thus it is important to have an idea about source of nutrient, methods and time of application and placement of fertilizers for better nutrient use efficiency.

4. Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Sources of nitrogen
Fertilizer
N (%)
Urea
46.0
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
26.0
Ammonium Nitrate
34.0
Ammonium chloride
25.0
Calcium Nitrate
15.5
Ammonium sulphate
20.6
Urea

5. Sources of phosphorous
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Sources of phosphorous
Fertilizer
P (%)
Single super phosphate
16.0
Rock phosphate
18.0
Bone meal
20.0
Single Super phosphate

6. Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Source of potassium
Fertilizer
K (%)
Potassium sulphate 52
Potassium chloride 60
Potassium Magnesium Sulphate 22

7. Mix fertilizers used as NPK source
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Mix fertilizers used as NPK source
Fertilizer N P K
DAP 18 46
Potassium Nitrate 13 45
NPK (15:15:15) 15
NPK (10:26:26) 10 26
NPK (12:32:16) 12 32 16

8. Sources of micronutrient
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Sources of micronutrient
Micronutrient
Source
Content (%)
Copper
Copper sulphate 35
Cu EDTA 13
Iron
Ferrous sulphate 20
Basic slag
Boron
Borax 11
Boric acid 17
Manganese
Manganese sulphate 24
Zinc
Zinc sulphate 36

9. Doses of nutrients for five years and old vine yard
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Doses of nutrients for five years and old vine yard
Age of the plant
(in years)
Nutrient dose (g)
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
potassium
Anab-e-Shahi
600
550
800
Beauty Seedless
500
1000
Perlette
900
Thompson SL

10. Concentrations of micronutrients for folia spray
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Concentrations of micronutrients for folia spray
Copper
Iron
Zinc
Boron Mn
0.20%
0.50%
Micronutrients should be sprayed at bloom and pre-bloom stage

11. Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Factor for calculating quantity of different fertilizers
Fertilizers
Factor
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Phosphatic fertilizers
Urea
2.17
Single super phosphate
6.25
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
3.85
Rock phosphate
5.56
Ammonium Nitrate
2.94
Bone meal
5.00
Ammonium chloride
4.0
Potassic fertilizers
Calcium Nitrate
6.45
Potassium sulphate
1.92
Ammonium sulphate
4.84
Potassium chloride
1.66
Potassium Magnesium Sulphate
4.55

12. Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Time of application
Newly planted vines: April and June
Bearing orchard: apply half quantity of nitrogen and potash and full quantity of phosphorous just after pruning. Remaining nitrogen and potash must be applied after fruit set

13. Fertilizer application method
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Fertilizer application method
In addition to source of nutrients, time of application and doses, the method of fertilizer application is also important in nutrient management
Fertilizers must be applied at a distance of 30 cm from the tree trunk to drip line in grapevine during first year.
In the subsequent years, these are applied in the 15 cm deep furrow opened in the rectangular or square plot made around the vines and then covered with soil from the alternate ridges.

14. Fertilizer application method
Chemical Fertilizers as a component of INM in grape
Fertilizer application method
After broad casting, fertilizers should be incorporated thoroughly to the soil by cultivating the top soil.
Care should be taken not to damage the roots. Urea must only be applied when the soils are moist otherwise trees must be irrigated immediately after urea application.