1. The Biological Basis of Behavior Unit 2 Lesson 1- The Brain

2. Objectives:  Students will describe techniques used to study the brain and neural function.

3. Warm Up  Why is it important for psychologists to study the brain and nervous system?

4. Greeks  Linked mind with brain  Hippocrates Brain controls emotions, thought & mental health  Galen Brain fluids responsible for sensation, reasoning, memory & movement

5. Phrenology  Bumps and depressions on skull = personality & character  Flawed! Franz Gall

6. Galvanists  1786 Luigi Galvani  Accidently demonstrated electrical basis of nerve impulses

7. Brain Damaged Patients  Linked loss of structure with loss of function  Phineas Gage = emotional control http://www.learner.org/resources/series142. html# http://www.learner.org/resources/series142. html#  Paul Broca & Carl Wernicke = language centers o Gunshot wounds, tumors, strokes, Alzheimer’s enable further brain mapping.

8. Lesioning  Surgically destroy part of brain & record behavior changes  Link structure=function

9. Electrodes = Direct Electrical Stimulation  Wilder Penfield Origins of seizures Mapped motor cortex  Walter Hess Start/stop brain structures

10. Electrical Activity  Monitor and record nervous system (brain) activity  Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electrodes glued to scalp Measures brain waves Regions

11. Imaging – Observe function  Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT/CT) Scan  X-Ray Images of Brain Structures  Used to determine extent of injuries

12. Imaging  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)  Radio frequency detects tissue density (O 2 )  Detailed structure of brain  f MRI’s now do function as well

13. Imaging  Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan  Inject solution into blood and chart the amount absorbed by brain cells.  Used to identify function/activity. http://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html Program 1: Organization and Evolution of Brain Function

14. Closure  Identify three ways we learned about brain structure and function.  Brain damaged patients, lesioning, electrodes, electrical activity (EEG), imaging (CAT, PET, fMRI )

15. Brain Project