2. Organize your writing for the reader and for yourself.  Organize the writing process for yourself.  Organize the document for the reader.

3. Writing is not a single activity: Writing is a process.  Defining objectives  Planning  Drafting  Evaluating  Revising Same as process of project management.

4. You cannot collapse these stages together! You can’t get it right the first time around!

5. Managing the Process of Writing  Defining objectives Objectives for job application letter? Objectives for job application letter?  Planning  Drafting  Evaluating – in labs  Revising Learn to separate these stages!

6. Use writing to organize for yourself.  Start early  Learn to draft – avoid need for perfection at this stage  Learn to separate the creative and critical parts of your personality.

7. Use writing to solve problems for others. Most important questions for you to ask:

8. Once you start your first draft, focus on organizing for your reader.  Who is your reader?  Do you have more than one reader?  Why does the reader need your information?  Are you trying to persuade the reader to take a certain action?  Use the Audience Analysis worksheet Audience Analysis worksheetAudience Analysis worksheet

9. What “voice” should you project in your documents? Much technical communication is interactive and interpersonal. You may use “we” in documents this semester. In the letter only, you may use “I.”

10. What do you think of this letter from Steve Jobs to iPhone users? letter

11. Another type of “voice”: passive or active Another type of “voice”: passive or active  Passive Voice literary longer more vague less active verb emphasizes the thing acted upon sometimes, the only accurate way to go  Active Voice the way we speak more concise says who did it more active verb emphasizes the doer of the action all things being equal, the way to go

12. Passive Voice Active Voice Passive Voice Active Voice l l Elapsed time is indicated by a pointer. l l The project was completed by the installation crew. It is suggested that readings be recorded hourly. l l A pointer indicates elapsed time. l l The installation crew completed the project. I suggest you record readings hourly. Voice is a rhetorical strategy.

13. Passive Voice is longer.  “It was discovered during QD’s initial modeling efforts that the reservoir was actually a retrograde condensate reservoir.”

14. Active Voice is shorter.  It was discovered during QD’s initial modeling efforts that the reservoir was actually a retrograde condensate reservoir.  Better: QD’s initial modeling efforts showed that the reservoir was actually a retrograde condensate reservoir. () (13-14 words) (17 words)

15. Passive voice can make writing ambiguous: Who is doing which testing? The scope of this strategy does not cover testing all the functionality of the different sub components. It is expected that each component be tested prior to the solution integration test.

16. When to use which? When to use which? to emphasize the agent of the action: Previous researchers established the relationship between chemical qualities and model parameters. Active VoicePassive Voice to emphasize the object: The relationship between chemical qualities and model parameters was established by previous researchers. The water sample was heated to a temperature of 100 0 C. to emphasize the action: JMC Consulting recommends that BPAmoco adopt a risk-communication plan

17. Written correspondence in the business world  Letters are for external audiences. Contain salutations and sign-offs Contain salutations and sign-offs Include addresses of sender and receiver Include addresses of sender and receiver  Memos are for internal audiences (or those working on same big project). To: To: From: From: Date: Date: Subject: Subject: Both can be sent electronically as an attachment; letters must be signed.

18. Cover letters  Cover letters for resumes should “sell” yourself as highly qualified for the job. Read the job description carefully.  Mention personal contact if you have one.  Use exact title of job and indicate source of the information.  Connect your qualifications and those listed.  Do NOT repeat your resume: highlight two or three important qualifications/experiences.  Conclude with an action step.

19. First half of 1 st written assignment 1 st written assignment1 st written assignment  Write a letter to the appropriate person named in the job description you have chosen.  See the CE 333T Web site for more specs. CE 333T Web CE 333T Web  See Professional Writing (pp. 49-52 and 69-71) for letter format. On p. 70 is a sample cover letter.  Letter is due in draft form this Thursday (9/2). It is due in final form along with your resume on Monday, Sept. 15.

20. In lab this week... Bring a draft of your job-application letter. You will give and get a written and a verbal review of your draft.