1. Assessment of separate collection in 28 capitals of the EU
Separate Waste Collection in the Context of a
Circular Economy in Europe, 29/01/2016
Nicole Seyring (BiPRO)
Dr Márton Herczeg (CRI)

2. Background on EU law on separate collection EU statistics
Content
Background on EU law on separate collection
EU statistics
EU project on separate collection
Waste collection on EU-28 Member State level
Results from EU-28 capitals cities
Conclusions – key recommendations

3. Background on EU law on separate collection

4. EU Law: Definition of separate collection
Article 11 (1): Separate collection of four waste types
by 2015 separate collection shall be set up for at least the following: paper, metal, plastic and glass
Article 22 WFD: Separate collection of bio-waste
MS shall take measures, (…) to encourage: the separate collection of bio-waste with a view to the composting and digestion of bio-waste

5. EU Law: Definition of separate collection
Article 3 (11) WFD: Definition separate collection:
"‘separate collection’ means the collection where a waste stream is kept separately by type and nature so as to facilitate a specific treatment“

6. EU Law: Definition of separate collection
Article 10 (2): Separate collection and recovery
(…) to facilitate/improve recovery, waste shall be collected separately (*) and shall not be mixed with other waste or other material with different properties.
Article 11 (1) : Separate collection and recycling
„(…) promote high quality recycling and, to this end, shall set up separate collections of waste (*) to meet the necessary quality standards for the relevant recycling sectors.” (and to attain the targets)
*if technically, environmentally and economically practicable

7. EU Law: Circular economy package
Article 11 PLUS
MS shall take measures, as appropriate, to promote preparing for re-use activities, notably by encouraging the establishment of and support for re-use and repair networks and by facilitating the access of such networks to waste collection points, and by promoting the use of economic instruments, procurement criteria, quantitative objectives or other measures
Article 11 (1) : Separate collection and recycling
„(…) shall set up separate collections of waste (*) to meet the necessary quality standards for the relevant recycling sectors and to attain the targets *

8. EU statistics

9. Recycling rate in EU-28
Recycling rate = % of municipal waste generated which is recycled or composted
[EEA 2015] Press release Environment. 54/2015, 26 March 2015, EUROSTAT

10. Landfilling in EU-28
Landfill rate = % of municipal waste generated which is landfilled
[EUROSTAT 2015] Press release Environment. 54/2015, 26 March 2015, EUROSTAT

11. Annual % increase needed in EU-28 to achieve 50% recycling in 2020
[EEA 2013] Managing municipal solid waste, p. 27, data source: EUROSTAT and ETC/SCP

12. EU project on separate collection

13. Content of project
Legal framework in EU-28
Collection schemes and strategies in EU-28
Separate collection schemes in EU-28 capital cities
Headline scoreboard for major indicators
Good practice examples (5 cities)

14. Separate door-to-door Co-minling door-to-door
Content of project
Priority waste streams mentioned in Article 10(2) and Article 11(1) paper, metal, plastic, glass + bio-waste
All collection systems that collect one/more of the five streams separately from residual waste/mixed municipal waste at source
Separate door-to-door
Co-minling door-to-door
Bring points
Civic amenity sites

15. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/index.htm Results Final report
28 national factsheets (national legislation and main strategies, priority collection schemes)
28 capital factsheets (generation and collection data, collection scheme in capital, material, quantities and costs, material flows)

16. Waste collection on EU-28 MS level

17. EU-28 MS where separate door-to-door is the primary collection

18. EU-28 MS relying mainly on bring systems

19. Results from EU-28 capitals cities

20. Data issues and comparability definition of the waste collected
General remarks
Data issues and comparability
definition of the waste collected
responsibility for municipal/household waste
city waste composition date for estimating capture rates
recent changes in the system (i.e. partial temporal coverage)
Lack of information how waste is treated in the end
reject rates, treatment routes, exports, etc
Poor information on financial/economic data
For complete notes on data, always refer to Table 6-1 on page when interpreting the figures!

21. Example: Material flows in Berlin
Glass
Generated
( t)
Rejected
(6 661 t)
Exported for recycling
(?)
Separately collected
( t)
Recycled within country
( t)
Not separately collected
( t)
Paper
65 % separate collected netto via 100% door-to-door collection
10 % rejection
90% recycling
Paper
Glass
53 % separate collected netto via 70% door-to-door collection
10 % rejection
90% recycling
Generated
( t)
Rejected
( t)
Exported for recycling
(?)
Separately collected
( t)
Recycled within country
( t)
Not separately collected
( t)

22. Collection systems in the capitals

23. Amounts collected separately via different systems
Separate collection above 20%
Separate collection above 35%

24. Amounts collected separately via different systems

25. Capture rate
The share of the generated quantity of a given material that is separately collected:
Paper, glass, plastics, metal, metal+plastics combined
This usually requires sorting analysis of residual waste (available at city or national level).
total amount generated
% collected separately

26. Capture rates: paper
With bring points only

27. Capture rates: glass
With bring points only

28. Capture rates: plastics

29. Capture rates: metal

30. Capture rates: plastics and metal combined

31. Capture rates: bio-waste

32. Pricing schemes performance

33. Key recommendations

34. Key recommendation
Separate collection of waste fractions leads to higher recycling levels.
Door-to-door collection result in the highest capture rates and yields of recyclables.
Strict separate collection (one recyclable in one bin) usually leads to better recycling rates.
Involving the private sector can help reduce costs management burden, however, often a lack of transparency and information.
Implementation of Pay As You Throw (PAYT) for (residual) waste collection is one of the main success factor for successful separate collection.

35. Thank you very much Nicole Seyring / BiPRO Nicole.Seyring@bipro.de
Márton Herczeg / CRI