2. Two types of governments: monarchy or republic. Monarchy– a government must have some kind of royal family that inherits their position of power. Three types of monarchy– Limited monarchy, constitutional monarchy, and absolute monarchy. Limited Monarchy originated from the period of French Revolution. What is a limited monarchy?

3. Limited monarchy– a monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution. A system of government in which a king or queen stood as head of state, but his or her power was limited by real power lying in a legislature and an independent court system. Has no authority in lawmaking and does not deal with the parliament. King and queen– a figure head Real power– legislative branch (elected by people) Example: Queen Elizabeth has no authority in lawmaking and does no deal with the parliament. (ceremonial power) Merely in a royal family for ceremonies and in keeping with tradition

4. Adopted during the period in the history of French Revolution. Established during the month of September 1791 but ceased to exist by the following year; very short-lived. Tried to set up a liberal bourgeoisie constitutional monarchy in France. Established a limited monarchy, with all executive power answerable to a legislative assembly. Under the constitution, Louis XVI could only temporarily veto legislation passed by assembly. Encouraged economic freedom. Declaring monopolies, guilds, and combinations to be illegal.

5. Established by the Constitution of 1791. Opposite of absolute monarchy. Sometimes also referred as “constitutional monarchy”. Voting was restricted to the upper and middle classes of French society. Louis XVI gave his grudging approval, showed little interest in following through with the promise. Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette, and their children tried to escape to England but was captured by soldiers of the National Guard.

6. Absolute Monarchy is the opposite of Limited Monarchy. Absolute Monarchy– a form of government in which a single individual (a queen or a king), exercises complete control over all aspects of government. Limited Monarchy, good or bad? “ limited monarchy, in the articles we have described, might be executed with great facility and applause if a king were, what such a constitution endeavors to render him, a mere puppet regulated by pulleys and wires. But it is among the most egregious and palpable of all political mistakes to imagine that we can reduce a human being to this neutrality and torpor. He will not exert any useful and true activity, but he will be far from passive. The more he is excluded from that energy that characterizes wisdom and virtue, the more depraved and unreasonable will he be in his caprices.” ---- Of limited Monarchy

7. By 1776, Britain’s government had been a limited monarchy for almost a century. From the website “Internet Public Library”– the Official Web Site of the British Monarchy (1689): “Finally the King was forbidden to maintain a standing army in time of peace without Parliament’s consent” “Parliament had become a permanent future of political life”. “Further restricted the power and prerogatives of the Crown”. Shows the importance of restricted monarchy power and the role parliament plays in a government.

8. By the mid 20th century, the political culture in Europe had shifted to the form of limited monarchy. Status of “figureheads”– no effective power at all. "servants of the people" to reflect the new, egalitarian view. Mostly associated with Western European countries. United Kingdom (Queen Elizabeth), Netherlands, Australia, Monaco, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, etc.