1. The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and Archaea IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors

2. The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and Archaea IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors Alternation of generation

3. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Aquatic HabitatsTerrestrial Water availableDesiccating Sunlight absorbedSunlight available Nutrients at DepthNutrients available BuoyantLess Supportive Low oxygenHigh O 2 CO 2 diffuses slowlyCO 2 diffuses quickly

4. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients

5. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients Nutrient inputs from the landscape (fertilizer runoff) cause algal blooms and dead zones in marine environments.dead zones

6. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences Water in soil nutrients in soil Terrestrial environments provide photosynthetic organisms with more light, oxygen, and nutrients, but it is DESICCATING

7. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land

8. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups i. Liverworts ii. Hornworts iii. Mosses http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bot335/bryo.htm http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/226/226F08_14print.html http://www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm

9. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics - lack vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) - inefficient water transport - short - lack true organs (defined by the presence of vascular tissue) - some have a very thin waxy cuticle - some have stomates http://www.brynmawr.edu/biology/franklin/Bio103Key.htm http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/lea rning/resources/plant_form_fu nction/plant_form/vascular_gr ound_tissues.html XYLEM

10. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics - release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte http://www.eplantscience.com/index_files/alteration_of_generation.php http://lima.osu.edu/biology/archive/bryophyt.html

11. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics - release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/fac/biology/lab/102/lab22.html

12. http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm http://hudsonvalleygeologist.blogspot.com/2010/10/oldest-land- plants.html Liverwort spores from Argentina, 470 mya Rubinstein, et. al. 2010. Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana). New Phytologist 188: 365-369 IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics c. History

13. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” 5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics http://manravbioeducation.blogspot.com/2007/08/transport-of- materials-in-plants.html Vascular tissue: Xylem: water up Phloem: sugars down

14. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” 5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics Dominant Sporophyte http://www.plantbiology.siu.edu/plb304/lecture07pterid/ferns.html

15. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. “Non-tracheophytes” 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes: (one vein per leaf ) ii. Euphyllophytes: (multiple veins per leaf) http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/bio101/lvps.html

16. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes Barangwanathia – 420 mya http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102mpal2.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b15_s0272b.jpg Lepidodendron was a canopy species (100 ft tall, 3ft in diameter) in the Carboniferous Period (360-300 mya); ferns and other Lycophytes were in the understory.

17. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes http://ashscience7.wikispaces.com/Plant+Classification http://mygarden.uphero.com/ferns06.htm Lycopodium, a “Clubmoss” Selaginella, a “Spikemoss” Isoetes, a “quillwort”

18. IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes

19. http://universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htmhttp://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants: 4. Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b. Groups i. Lycopodiophytes