2. 2 VOLCANOES Volcano- place on Earth’s surface that allows magma and other material to erupt Volcano- place on Earth’s surface that allows magma and other material to erupt Magma- found beneath the Earth’s surface, it is liquid rock Magma- found beneath the Earth’s surface, it is liquid rock Lava- magma that reaches the Earth’s surface Lava- magma that reaches the Earth’s surface

3. 3 Volcanic Fragments Volcanic Dust- less than 0.25 mm in diameter (flour) Volcanic Dust- less than 0.25 mm in diameter (flour) Volcanic Ash- more than 0.25 less than 5 mm (rice) Volcanic Ash- more than 0.25 less than 5 mm (rice) Volcanic Bombs- few cm to several meters. Volcanic Bombs- few cm to several meters. Cinders- volcanic bombs the size of golf balls Cinders- volcanic bombs the size of golf balls

4. 4 Types of Volcanoes Cinder Cones- made of mostly of cinders; formed from explosive eruptions Cinder Cones- made of mostly of cinders; formed from explosive eruptions Shield- Made of quiet lava flows Shield- Made of quiet lava flows Composite- made up of alternating layers of rock particles; explosive eruptions, then quiet lava flows Composite- made up of alternating layers of rock particles; explosive eruptions, then quiet lava flows

5. 5 Volcanic Terminology Crater - funnel shaped pit, or depression at top of volcano Crater - funnel shaped pit, or depression at top of volcano Caldera - when a crater becomes too large, it collapses: also can form when the top of a volcano collapses or explodes Caldera - when a crater becomes too large, it collapses: also can form when the top of a volcano collapses or explodes Dormant - sleeping volcano Dormant - sleeping volcano Extinct - not known to have erupted in modern history Extinct - not known to have erupted in modern history Active - Erupts fairly regularly Active - Erupts fairly regularly

6. Ring of Fire 6

7. 7 Zones There are 3 zones: There are 3 zones: Ring of Fire- Extends nearly all the way around the edge of the Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire- Extends nearly all the way around the edge of the Pacific Ocean Mediterranean Sea- Italy, Greece, Turkey Mediterranean Sea- Italy, Greece, Turkey Iceland and Atlantic Ocean- Mid Atlantic Ridge Iceland and Atlantic Ocean- Mid Atlantic Ridge

8. 8 EXTRA! EXTRA! Mount St. Helens is a volcano is Washington State