1. Preequilibrium Reactions Dr. Ahmed A.Selman

2. The exciton model was proposed by Griffin in 1966 in order to explain the nuclear emission from intermediate states, PE, where “a statistical model that analyze the formation and decay of the average compound- nuclear state was presented. In such state, a weak two-body residual interaction will cause transition among the eigenstates of the independent-particle Hamiltonian. These transitions occur in the region dE near the excitation energy E of the compound nucleus.”

3. PE explains nuclear emission from intermediate states before attainment of statistical equilibrium. Blann, and many others, developed this model and suggested similar approaches.

5. In the 1970’s Blann and Cline made the present development, as follows (proton emission) The two-component system is based on proton-neutron distinguishability.

6. The state density is needed in the PE calculations. There are many types of state density formulae, for ESM and non-ESM systems. The exciton model can be represented as follows (two-component):

8. The emission spectrum is T(n,t) is the equilibration time, found from solving the master equation given by (from the Figure above):

10. Transition rates are found from Fermi Golden Rule The matrix element is found from

11. Main Contributions of This Work 1. The solution of the state density for one-component non-ESM: With the solution (uncorrected)

12. Main Contributions of This Work Where and

13. Main Contributions of This Work Corrected for Pauli Energy: Corrected for Pairing:

14. State Density Results ESM A comparison of the state density results of this work (dotted curves) with those of Kalbach for 54 Fe+p reaction at 33.5 MeV.

15. State Density Results non-ESM 1p-1h of 56 Fe

16. State Density Results non-ESM 2p-1h of 54 Mn

17. Master Equation Results p+ 56 Fe at 20 MeV

18. Master Equation Results p+ 56 Fe at 80 MeV

19. Results of PE Spectra 1. Pure PE

20. Results of PE Spectra 2. PE +Evaporation

23. Results of PE Spectra 4. PE +Evaporation +NT

27. Cross-Section Results

30. Thank You