1. A Case for End System Multicast 學號： 96325523 報告人：通訊所 吳瑞益 指導教授：楊峻權 日期： 2009.04.30 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS

2. OUTLINE 1.ABSTRACT 2.INTRODUCTION 3.NARADA DESIGN 4.SIMULATION RESULT 5.CONCLUSIONS 2

3. ABSTRACT IP is the natural protocol layer for implementing multicast related functionality IP Multicast is still plagued with concerns pertaining to scalability network management deployment The explore an alternative architecture for small and sparse groups where end systems implement all multicast related functionality including membership management and packet replication 3

4. 1.INTRODUCTION 4 End Systems Routers Gatech CMU Stanford Berkeley - Unicast Transmissiont

5. 1.INTRODUCTION 5 - IP Multicast 5 No duplicate packets Highly efficient bandwidth usage Berkeley Gatech Stanford CMU Routers with multicast support

6. 1.INTRODUCTION 6 - End System Multicast 1 6 Stanford CMU Stan 1 Stan2 Berk2 Overlay Tree Gatech Berk1 Berkeley Gatech Stan1 Stan2 Berk1 Berk2 CMU

7. 1.INTRODUCTION 7 - End System Multicast 2

8. 3.NARADA DESIGN 8

9. 3.NARADA DESIGN (con.) 9 Step 1 Source rooted shortest delay spanning trees of mesh Constructed using well known routing algorithms – Members have low degrees – Small delay from source to receivers “ Mesh”: Richer overlay that may have cycles and includes all group members Members have low degrees Shortest path delay between any pair of members along mesh is small Step 2

10. 3.NARADA DESIGN(con.) 1.Group Management – Member Join – Member Leave and Failure 2.Repairing Mesh Partitions 3.Improving mesh quality – Addition of links – Dropping of links 4.Data Delivery 10

11. 4.SIMULATION RESULT - INDICES 11 RDP = Relative Delay Penalty The ratio of the delay between two members along the overlay to the unicast delay between them Ex ： (show in figure(f) at Page-6) = 29/27 and = 1

12. 4.SIMULATION RESULT - RDP 12

13. 4.SIMULATION RESULT - STABLIZE 13

14. 5.CONCLUSIONS 14 Proposed in 1989, IP Multicast is not yet widely deployed – Per-group state, control state complexity and scaling concerns – Difficult to support higher layer functionality – Difficult to deploy, and get ISP’s to turn on IP Multicast For small-sized groups, an end-system overlay approach – is feasible – has a low performance penalty compared to IP Multicast – has the potential to simplify support for higher layer functionality – allows for application-specific customizations