1. Gender based violence and youth violence: challenges for judicial reform projects Andrew Morrison Poverty and Gender Group LCSPP amorrison1@worldbank.org

2. Youth crime and violence … beyond alternative sentencing Effective treatment can divert a significant percentage of youth from future violence and crime Enormous variability in types of programs and in effectiveness Significant evidence on what works and what doesn ’ t

3. Reduction in recidivism: institutional programs InterventionReduction in recidivism Interpersonal skills19% Parental skills17% Behavioral programs16% Community residential14% Multiple services10% Source: Lipsey and Wilson, 1998

4. Reduction in recidivism: non-institutional programs InterventionReduction in recidivism Interpersonal skills21% Behavioral programs20% Multiple services14% Family therapy9% Restitution (community justice)7% Source: Lipsey and Wilson, 1998

5. And we know what does not work … Boot camps Social casework Shock programs (e.g., “ Scared Straight ” ) Waivers to adult court D.A.R.E. Source: U.S. Surgeon General, 2001.

6. SERIOUS CRIMES AVOIDED PER MILLION DOLLARS SPENT, CALIFORNIA (1998) Source: Greenwood, Peter. 1998. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Home visits Family support Graduation incentives Intensive supervision Three strikes law

7. Gender-based violence Important in its own right: affects up to 60% of women A risk factor for both juvenile delinquency and future gender-based violence

8. GBV...justice sector responses Most countries of region have ratified key international conventions Many countries have national legislation on gender-based violence that: Increases criminal sanctions for family and/or sexual violence Sets public policy and judicial procedures for cases of gender-based violence

9. But there remains much to do … Legislation is not perfect … Judicial training is important, but insufficient, because it does not address structural deficiencies like corruption, lack of access, delays …

10. GBV should be addressed as part of sector-wide reform... Reform forensic medicine Delineate responsibilities of justices of the peace “ Export ” lessons learned from women ’ s police stations Include community mobilization as a strategy to support reform processes