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Comparing Chordates Chapter 33
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Section 33-1
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Chordate Evolution… Section 33-1
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Chordates Section 33-1 have the following key features Notochord
Dorsal hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches Muscular tail which is A flexible supporting structure
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Generalized Structure of a Chordate
Section 30-1 Muscle segments Tail Anus Pharyngeal pouches Mouth Hollow nerve cord Notochord
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NONVERTEBRATE CHORDATES
Tunicates Lancelets NONVERTEBRATE CHORDATES
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Section 33-1 Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes
Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
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Environmental Temperature (°C)
Section 33-2 Body Temperature (°C) Environmental Temperature (°C)
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Form and Function… Section 33-3
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Movement Nonvertebrate chordates – no bones
Vertebrates – bones, muscles, ligaments Movement depends on placement of muscles or appendages next to spine. 1. S-movement of spine/body 2. Up/Down movement of spine
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Figure 33–8 The Digestive Systems of Vertebrates
Section 33-3 Shark Salamander Lizard Pigeon Cow Esophagus Stomach Intestine Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Cloaca Crop Gizzard Cecum Rectum
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Figure 33–10 Vertebrate Lungs
Section 33-3 Nostrils, mouth, and throat Trachea Lung Air sac Salamander Lizard Primate Pigeon
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Figure 33–11 The Circulatory Systems of Vertebrates
Section 33-3 Single-Loop Circulatory System Double-Loop Circulatory System FISHES MOST REPTILES CROCODILIANS, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS
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Response Cephalization with all groups
Nonvertebrate chordates – simple systems Vertebrates – well developed brain, complex sensory structures.
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Excretion Gills can diffuse ammonia directly.
Kidneys – change ammonia into UREA or URIC ACID, less toxic forms. 1. Regulates water and ion concentration. Birds and Reptiles – Uric Acid Terrestrial Amphibians, Mammals and Cartilagenous fish – Urea
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Reproduction Sexual with separate sexes Fertilization:
1. External – eggs in the water 2. Internal – terrestrial organisms Egg Development: 1. Oviparous – eggs outside 2. Ovoviviparous – eggs inside 3. Viviparous – no eggs, internal development Childcare – aves and mammals
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Vertebrate Chordate Classes
Myxini Cephalospidomorphi Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia
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