1. Chapter 1 and 3 review January 14, 2008

2. Comprehension Questions (p. 1) What is a symbol? Anything to which people attach or assign a meaning, such as pictures, objects, words, or drawings. What does referent mean? The object or the idea that a symbol stands for; it depends on the individual’s knowledge and experience. What are three types of benefits of studying public speaking? Personal, professional, public

3. Comprehension Questions (p. 2) Define mass communication. Give examples. One person or group communicating to a large audience through some print or electronic medium Define interpersonal communication. Give examples. Communication between individuals in pairs Define feedback. The verbal and nonverbal responses between communications about the clarity or acceptability of the message What are the five levels of communication? Intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public, mass

4. Comprehension Questions (p. 3) What are the eight categories of critical thinking? Focusing, information gathering, remembering, organizing, analyzing, generating, integrating, evaluating Identify and explain the two factors that shape the environment for communication. The occasion and the physical setting Define noise and identify the types of noise discussed in Chapter 1. Noise is anything that distracts from effective communication. Types include physical, physiological, and psychological.

5. Open-ended Questions (p. 1) How does public speaking develop critical thinking? Why do you think communication skills are an important consideration in hiring? What kind of feedback is possible with mass communication? What effect does this have? What is the difference between physiological and psychological noise? How can you minimize them? What are some examples of occupations that require critical thinking? Explain.

6. Short Answer (p. 1) Why should you not make it your goal to eliminate nervousness? What should you do instead? Nervousness is natural and can be beneficial. Your goal should be to channel and control it. Why is it important to understand your strengths and weaknesses? You will be better able to use them to craft your speeches and be confident Why is it important to understand your public speaking assignment? Whom should you turn to for clarification? Your can be successful if you understand expectations. Ask your teacher for help.

7. Short answer (p. 2) What does it mean to test your message? Why is it important? Testing your message is finding out if your topic interests others. You can do this by practicing in front of others. How do you react to stress? Why is it important to know how you react to stress? This will help you cope with it, and mask your stress from your audience.

8. Short answer (p. 3) Define visualization. This is a strategy for reducing communication anxiety by picturing yourself delivering a successful speech. Define communication apprehension. Perceived fear or anxiety associated with communication. Define cognitive restructuring. A strategy for reducing communication anxiety by replacing negative thoughts and statements with positive ones.

9. Short answer (p. 4) Why is it important to practice your delivery? You will be less stilted and better able to deal with distractions. Why is it important to believe in your topic? It is easier to convince your audience that it is important. What should you consider while developing the content of your speech? Think about what you would want to hear as audience member. What should you ask yourself when you are evaluating your speech? What did I do well? What areas can I target for improvement? What specific efforts do I need to make to improve?

10. Short answer (p. 5) What questions should you ask yourself about the wording of your speech? Does my speech sound conversational? Is the language of my speech correct? Will the language of my speech be clear to listeners? Will it be vivid? What is platform panic and how does it affect people? This is a fight or flight response. What instruments do you use as a public speaker? How do you use these instruments? Body language, voice, eye contact, sped

11. Essay Questions The following is a partial list of the Guidelines for Building Speaker Confidence: know speech principles, know it always looks worse from the inside, view speech making positively, visualize success, project confidence, practice, and learn from experience. Pick the three items that you think are the most important, and write a short essay explaining why. Your essay should be at least three paragraphs long. Organizing a speech is like writing an essay. Discuss how to organize the introduction, body, and conclusion of your speech in an essay. This essay should be at least the paragraphs long