1. Forensic sciences

2. 2 I.Lesson on forensic sciences 1. Introduction & definition 2. History 3. Technics : » DNA profiling » Fingerprints » BPA » Forensic chemistry » Ballistic PLAN

3. 3 Introduction

4. When forensic sciences were used at the first time ? - 1706 - 1806 - 1906

5. When forensic sciences were used at the first time ? - 1706 - 1806 - 1906

6. When fingerprints were used at the first time in order To solve a crime ? - 1892 - 1902 - 1922

7. When fingerprints were used at the first time in order To solve a crime ? - 1892 - 1902 - 1922

8. 8 History

9. 9 Technics a. DNA Profiling How many DNA sequences are the same in everybody ? - 0,01 % - 30% - 60% - 99,9%

10. 10 Technics a. DNA Profiling How many DNA sequences are the same in everybody ? - 0,01 % - 30% - 60% - 99,9%

11. 11 Technics a. DNA Profiling * 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person. - 0,01% is different to distinguish one individual from another. - DNA profiling uses Variable Number Tandem Repeats → VTNRs → STRs * DNA Database → USA : ~ 9 million records (2011) → UK : ~ 9 million records (2011) → France : ~ 1 014 600 (2009)

12. 12 Technics b. Fingerprints - 3 big types : - All fingerprints have specific points witch are differents. → Probabilty that 2 persons have the same fingerprints : 1 for 64 billions - Twins don’t have the same fingerprints !

13. 13 Technics b. Fingerprints Examples : Points of differenciation

14. 14 Technics b. Fingerprints Examples : Points of differenciation

15. 15 Technics b. Fingerprints Examples : Points of differenciation

16. 16 Technics c. Fingerprints Examples : Points of differenciation

17. 17 d. Technics Where does Dexter work ? (The famous Serial Killer) - Biometric analysis - Bloodstain pattern analysis - Secret Agent - English Teacher

18. 18 d. Technics Where does Dexter work ? (The famous Serial Killer) - Biometric analysis - Bloodstain pattern analysis - Secret Agent - English Teacher

19. 19 - Applies scientific knowledge : Scientific disciplines of biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics - Provide strong and solid evidences. - Use in solving crimes and apprehending offenders d. Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) Technics

20. 20 Technics e. Forensic chemistry * Methods : - Spectroscopy→ Analyse of IR spectrum - Chromatograph (Gas chromatography) - Luminol Molecule of luminol A crime scene revealed by→ luminol

21. 21 Technics e. Forensic chemistry What does luminol reveal ? - the oxygen into the blood - the iron into the blood - the plasma into the blood - bacteria into the blood

22. 22 Technics e. Forensic chemistry What does luminol reveal ? - the oxygen into the blood - the iron into the blood - the plasma into the blood - bacteria into the blood

23. 23 Technics f. Ballistic → Area of Forensic Science that deals with firearms. * The condition of the victim can tell a lot about the nature of the weapon. * Most guns have their own unique identifying features * Information can be determined from - Bullet - Nature of the wound - Residues * Study of trajectories / degree of penetration in the target → estimate the position of the shooter (and the shot distance).

24. 24 Technics f. Ballistic What is the name of this ? - Hammer - Trigger - Grip

25. 25 Technics f. Ballistic What is the name of this ? - Hammer - Trigger - Grip