1. Civics and Economics EOC Review EOC Review Civics and Economics Economics Basics & Types of Economies

2. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is Economics?What is Economics?

3. Civics and Economics EOC Review The study of how we make decisions in a world where resources are limited.The study of how we make decisions in a world where resources are limited.

4. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is scarcity?What is scarcity? –What is an example of something that is scarce?

5. Civics and Economics EOC Review Scarcity occurs when we do not have enough resources to produce all the things we would like to have.Scarcity occurs when we do not have enough resources to produce all the things we would like to have. –Examples?

6. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are needs?What are needs? What are wants?What are wants?

7. Civics and Economics EOC Review Needs are required for survival.Needs are required for survival. Wants are things we would like to have.Wants are things we would like to have.

8. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is an economic model?What is an economic model?

9. Civics and Economics EOC Review An economic model is a representation of the real world that is used to explain how the economy works or to predict what might happen if the economy changes.An economic model is a representation of the real world that is used to explain how the economy works or to predict what might happen if the economy changes.

10. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is a trade- off?What is a trade- off?

11. Civics and Economics EOC Review Tradeoff-Tradeoff- –Alternative you face if you decide to do one thing rather than another.

12. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is opportunity cost?What is opportunity cost? –What may be an example?

13. Civics and Economics EOC Review Opportunity cost is the cost of the next best use of your time or money.Opportunity cost is the cost of the next best use of your time or money. –Examples?

14. Civics and Economics EOC Review What types of costs do businesses incur?What types of costs do businesses incur?

15. Civics and Economics EOC Review Fixed Costs-Fixed Costs- –The same no matter how many units produced. Variable Costs-Variable Costs- –Expense that changes with the number of units produced.

16. Civics and Economics EOC Review Total CostTotal Cost –Fixed + Variable = TOTAL Marginal CostsMarginal Costs –Extra, additional cost of producing one additional unit of output.

17. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is revenue?What is revenue?

18. Civics and Economics EOC Review Revenue is money coming in.Revenue is money coming in.

19. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is the cost benefit analysis?What is the cost benefit analysis?

20. Civics and Economics EOC Review It compares marginal costs with marginal benefits of a decision.It compares marginal costs with marginal benefits of a decision. –Which do you want to be higher? Cost or benefit?

21. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is a market economy?What is a market economy?

22. Civics and Economics EOC Review An economic system where supply, demand, and prices help people make economic decisions.An economic system where supply, demand, and prices help people make economic decisions.

23. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is capitalism?What is capitalism? What is free enterprise?What is free enterprise?

24. Civics and Economics EOC Review Capitalism-Capitalism- –A system where private citizens own most, if not all, of the means of production. Free Enterprise-Free Enterprise- –Businesses are allowed to compete for a profit with minimum government interference.

25. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are incentives?What are incentives?

26. Civics and Economics EOC Review Rewards offered to try and persuade people to take certain economic actions.Rewards offered to try and persuade people to take certain economic actions.

27. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are the 4 Factors of Production?What are the 4 Factors of Production?

28. Civics and Economics EOC Review Natural Resources-Natural Resources- –“gifts of nature” Labor-Labor- –Both physical and mental. Capital-Capital- –Tools used to make other products Entrepreneurship-Entrepreneurship- –Individuals that start new businesses, introduce new product and improve management techniques.

29. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are goods?What are goods? What are services?What are services?

30. Civics and Economics EOC Review Goods- tangible productsGoods- tangible products Services- work done for someone elseServices- work done for someone else

31. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is Gross Domestic Product?What is Gross Domestic Product?

32. Civics and Economics EOC Review GDP; total value in $ of all the final goods and services produced in a country.GDP; total value in $ of all the final goods and services produced in a country. –What is a final good?

33. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is the difference between product and factor markets?What is the difference between product and factor markets?

34. Civics and Economics EOC Review Product markets-Product markets- –Where producers offer goods and services for sale. –Consumers spend their income here. Factor markets-Factor markets- –Where resources are being bought and sold. –Consumers earn their income here.

35. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is productivity?What is productivity? What is the division of labor?What is the division of labor?

36. Civics and Economics EOC Review Productivity- when scarce resources are used efficiently.Productivity- when scarce resources are used efficiently. Division of labor- breaking down of job into smaller parts.Division of labor- breaking down of job into smaller parts. –Becoming specialized.

37. Civics and Economics EOC Review Consumer sovereignty refers to what?Consumer sovereignty refers to what?

38. Civics and Economics EOC Review The consumer is “king” or ruler of the market.The consumer is “king” or ruler of the market.

39. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is competition?What is competition? What is the profit motive?What is the profit motive?

40. Civics and Economics EOC Review Competition-Competition- –Struggle between buyers and sellers to get the best products at the lowest price. Profit motive-Profit motive- –driving force that encourages people to improve their material well being.

41. Civics and Economics EOC Review Who was Adam Smith? What were his economic philosophies based on?Who was Adam Smith? What were his economic philosophies based on?

42. Civics and Economics EOC Review Scottish economist and philosopher.Scottish economist and philosopher. Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations.Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations. –Laissez-faire economics- government should not interfere in the market place.

43. Civics and Economics EOC Review Who are consumers?Who are consumers?

44. Civics and Economics EOC Review We are all consumers.We are all consumers.

45. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is disposable income?What is disposable income? Discretionary income?Discretionary income?

46. Civics and Economics EOC Review Disposable income-Disposable income- –Money a person has left over after taxes paid on it. Discretionary income-Discretionary income- –Money left over after paying for necessities. –Can satisfy our wants.

47. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is interest?What is interest?

48. Civics and Economics EOC Review Payment people receive when they lend money.Payment people receive when they lend money.

49. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are imports?What are imports? What are exports?What are exports?

50. Civics and Economics EOC Review Import = good purchased from another country.Import = good purchased from another country. Export = good sold to another countryExport = good sold to another country

51. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are market economies?What are market economies?

52. Civics and Economics EOC Review Look back on your sheet!Look back on your sheet!

53. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are command economies?What are command economies?

54. Civics and Economics EOC Review the individual has little, if any, influence on economy.the individual has little, if any, influence on economy. Major decisions all made by central government.Major decisions all made by central government. They “command”They “command”

55. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is communism?What is communism? What is socialism?What is socialism?

56. Civics and Economics EOC Review What is socialism?What is socialism? –Believe production should be owned and controlled by society, directly or indirectly through the government. –Wealth would ideally be distributed equally among all citizens. What is communism?What is communism? –One class of people. –All property held in common –No need for a government –Developed by Karl Marx

57. Civics and Economics EOC Review What are Mixed economies?What are Mixed economies?

58. Civics and Economics EOC Review Combines basic elements of market and command.Combines basic elements of market and command.

59. Civics and Economics EOC Review What countries today might have a command economy?What countries today might have a command economy?

60. Civics and Economics EOC Review North KoreaNorth Korea CubaCuba –China and Russia are still transitioning to market economies.