1. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission June, 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 1 Review of 802.15.4 & Comparison with 802.22 Smart Grid and Critical Infrastructure Monitoring IEEE P802.22 Wireless RANs Date: 2011-06-06 Authors: Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.22. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.22. Patent Policy and Procedures: The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802 Patent Policy and Procedures http://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf including the statement "IEEE standards may include the known use of patent(s), including patent applications, provided the IEEE receives assurance from the patent holder or applicant with respect to patents essential for compliance with both mandatory and optional portions of the standard." Early disclosure to the Working Group of patent information that might be relevant to the standard is essential to reduce the possibility for delays in the development process and increase the likelihood that the draft publication will be approved for publication. Please notify the Chairhttp://standards.ieee.org/guides/bylaws/sb-bylaws.pdf Wendong HuWendong Hu as early as possible, in written or electronic form, if patented technology (or technology under patent application) might be incorporated into a draft standard being developed within the IEEE 802.22 Working Group. If you have questions, contact the IEEE Patent Committee Administrator at patcom@iee.org.patcom@iee.org

2. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission June, 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 2 Abstract This review document provides an overview of 802.15.4 Standards that are 802.15.4g, 802.15.4k and 802.15 SG4TV, which may have some relevance with 802.22 Smart Grid and Critical Infrastructure Monitoring Study Group Also, this provides the example usages for 802.22 Smart Grid and Critical Infrastructure Monitoring Study Group, and the differences and similarities between 802.22 and 802.15.4 for smart grid and critical infrastructure monitoring

3. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission Title 802.15.4g IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 15.4: Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment: Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Data Rate Wireless Smart Metering Utility Networks 802.15.4k IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Amendment - Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Energy, Critical Infrastructure Monitoring Networks (LECIM) 802.15 SG4TV Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Amendment: TV White Space PHY Layer June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 3

4. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission PAR Scope (1/2) June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 4 802.15.4g This Standard defines an amendment to IEEE 802.15.4. It addresses principally outdoor Low Data Rate Wireless Smart Metering Utility Network requirements. It defines an alternate PHY and only those MAC modifications needed to support its implementation. Specifically, the amendment supports all of the following: Operation in any of the regionally available license exempt frequency bands, such as 700MHz to 1GHz, and the 2.4 GHz band. Data rate of at least 40 kbits per second but not more than 1000 kbits per second. Achieve the optimal energy efficient link margin given the environmental conditions encountered in Smart Metering deployments. Principally outdoor communications PHY frame sizes up to a minimum of 1500 octets Simultaneous operation for at least 3 co-located orthogonal networks Connectivity to at least one thousand direct neighbors characteristic of dense urban deployment Provides mechanisms that enable coexistence with other systems in the same band(s) including IEEE 802.11, 802.15 and 802.16 systems

5. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission PAR Scope (2/2) 802.15.4k This standard is an amendment to IEEE 802.15.4. It addresses principally those applications such as critical infrastructure monitoring. It defines an alternate PHY and only those MAC modifications needed to support its implementation. The amendment supports: ' *(1) Operation in any of the regionally available licensed, license exempt, and special purpose frequency bands ' *(2) Simultaneous operation for at least 8 co-located orthogonal networks ' *(3) Application data rate of less than 40 kbits per second ' *(4) Propagation path loss of at least 120 dB ' *(5) >1000 endpoints per mains powered infrastructure ' *(6) Asymmetric application data flow ' *(7) Extreme difference in capabilities and performance between endpoint devices and coordinating devices (collectors) ' -coordinator may support all standardized modulations (MCS) and data rates ' -coordinator may be required to support antenna diversity or antenna beam steering ' - end point must be able to conserve energy ' *(8) Reliable operation in dramatically changing environments (no control over environment) This amendment also provides mechanisms that (9) enable coexistence with other systems in the same band(s) including IEEE 802.11, 802.15 and 802.16 systems. 802.15 SG4TV This amendment specifies a physical layer for 802.15.4 meeting TV white space regulatory requirements and also any necessary MAC changes needed to support this physical layer. The amendment enables operation in the available TV white space, supporting typical data rates in the 40 kbits per second to 2000 kbits per second range, to realize optimal and power efficient device command and control applications. It supports accepted methods of TV White Space coexistence in existence at the time of development. June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 5

6. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission PAR Purpose June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 6 802.15.4g To provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process control applications such as the utility smart-grid network. This amendment supports large, geographically diverse networks with minimal infrastructure. Smart Metering Utility Networks can potentially contain millions of fixed endpoints. The communication range, robustness, and coexistence characteristics required for this class of application have not been met with existing 802 standards 802.15.4k The purpose of this amendment is to facilitate point to multi-thousands of points communications for critical infrastructure monitoring devices. The amendment addresses the application's user needs of minimal network infrastructure, and enables the collection of scheduled and event data from a large number of non-mains powered end points that are widely dispersed, or are in challenging propagation environments. To facilitate low energy operation necessary for multi-year battery life, the amendment minimizes network maintenance traffic and device wake durations. In addition, the amendment addresses the changing propagation and interference environments 802.15 SG4TV The purpose of this amendment is to allow 802.15.4 wireless networks to take advantage of the TV white space spectrum for use in large scale device command and control applications.

7. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission 5C 802.15.4g802.15.4k802.15 SG4TV Broad Market Potential Compatibility Distinct IdentityThe 802.11: optimized for high data rates along with support for star network topologies with centralized control. 802.16: optimized for high data rate, point-to-point and point-to- multipoint network topologies, licensed band, TDM The 802.15.4: support frame sizes of 1500 bytes in length and error detection of a two byte CRC 802.15.4g (WNAN) requirements : low data rate (40kbps), unlicensed band, burst and asynchronous upstream traffic, star-topology as well as peer-to-peer IEEE 802.15.4 will not adequately support the low energy critical infrastructure monitoring application requirements The current IEEE 802.16 M2M PAR calls for changes to the MAC, and no substantial change to its PHY. it will not meet the large path loss, minimal infrastructure requirements, and multi- year battery life required by LECIM applications. IEEE 802.22 is intended to provide broadband services to rural subscribers, which does not address the need for multiyear battery life. IEEE 802.11 is designed for higher data rates which limit both range and battery life to less than that required by LECIM applications. There are no other IEEE 802 projects, utilizing unused TV channels, specifically addressing low data rate operation optimized for use in device command and control applications. Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 7

8. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission Usage Models June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 8 802.15.4g802.15.4k802.15 SG4TV802.22 New SG Meter Reading in Japan Outdoor Control & Monitoring Infrastructure Asset Management Smart Grid Eco- System Water & Sewerage Management Infrastructure Monitoring Water leak detection Sewer monitoring Bridge/structural integrity monitoring Streetlight control systems Fault Circuit Indicators Soil monitoring Oil & gas pipeline monitoring Transportation & Asset tracking Public transport tracking Cargo container monitoring Railroad condition monitoring Traffic congestion monitoring Security & Life Safety Gas/hazardous material detection Perimeter security Border surveillance Medical alert for at-risk populations First responder tracking Utility smart grid networks Utility monitoring and control Mobile utility control and data collection (a) Regional Area Smart Grid/Metering: support Low Complexity CPEs (b) Critical Infrastructure/Hazard Monitoring: Support very large number of monitoring CPEs (c) Smart Traffic Management and Communication Real time monitoring, low latency (d) Rural farm house and agricultural monitoring Support remote monitoring with relaxed latency requirement, supports interface with sensors monitoring environmental factors, live stock behavior etc (e) Emergency Temporary Broadband Infrastructure : Ad hoc connecting among portable CPEs (f) Remote Medical Service: Support remote medical service with high QoS in a rural residence area (g) Combined Smart Grid and Broadband Service Support CPEs with multiple operation modes [eg. low and high capabilities]

9. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission Summary – Review, Differences and Similarities June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 9 802.15.4g802.15.4k802.15 SG4TV802.22 New SG 1Amendment PHY Amendment PHY and MAC Amendment 2Operating Frequency License-exempt (e.g, 700MHz~1GHz, 2.4GHz) Licensed, License-exempt, Any frequency to attempt TVWS frequency 3Usage Smart Utility Network Critical Infrastructure Sensing, Monitoring Command and control application Sensors / Meters ITS 6/7/ 8 (Intend to support channel aggregation, e.g. 12/14/16 and 24/28/32) 4Coverage WPAN, Neighbor Area Network (NAN) WPAN WRAN (Several tens of Km, 20~30Km) 5Transmission Power Less power consumption (up to 1W some regulatory domain) Low energy transmission- Fixed high power (4W) in US, Portable/Mobile Power (100mW, 40mW) in US. Base station (500W) in Canada, user terminal (4W) in Canada. 6Transmission Rate > 40Kbps < 1000Kbps Less than 40kbps> 40Kbps < 2000Kbps From several kbps (one stream) to several Mbps (multi-streams) 7Network topology Peer-to-multihop peer Point-to-multipoint (star) Point-to-Multipoints Star, Peer-to-Peer - Infrastructure Mode, Point-to-Multipoints, Support peer-to-peer connection 8Available Devices a large number of outdoor devices (>1000 devices) > 1000 devices-More than 512 9Coexistence 11, 15, 16 coexistence 11, 16, 15 coexistence802 standards in TVWS that will be completed by the day

10. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission Summary - Technical Comparison June, 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 10 802.15.4g802.22 Comment on the comparison from the perspective of 802.22 New SG Frequency range700MHz~1GHz, 2.4GHz 54-862 MHz for unused TV channel TVWS band and compliances to regulation for its usage are the key differences Multiple AccessCSMA or combined CSMA and TDMA OFDMA Single PHY mode and multiple access reduces the complexity PHY Mode Multi rate multi regional (MR) - FSK, MR- OFDM, MR -O-QPSK Bandwidth(MHz) 12 frequency bands relies on country - 450MHz band (20MHz BW) - 470MHz band (40MHz BW) - 780MHz band (8MHz BW) - 863MHz band (7MHz BW) - 896MHz band (5MHz BW) - 901MHz band (1MHz BW) - 915MHz band (26MHz BW) - 917MHz band (6.5MHz BW) - 928MHz band (32MHz BW) - 950MHz band (8MHz BW) - 1427MHz band (91MHz BW) - 2450MHz band (83.5MHz BW) 678 - 802.22 has higher data throughput for comparable bandwidth - 802.22 is more robust to frequency selective fading - Intend to support higher throughput by channel aggregation, e.g. Maximum Data Throughput (Kbit/s) 4.8kbps ~ 400kbps (MR-FSK) 6.25kbps ~ 500kbps (MR-O-QPSK) 50kbps ~ 800kbps(MR-OFDM) 22690 Chanel Spacing 12.5kHz~600kHz (MR-FSK) 400kHz ~5MHz (MR-O-QPSK) 10.416kHz (MR-OFDM subcarrier frequency spacing) 3.3kHz subcarrier frequency spacing FFT Size128, 64, 32, 16 (OFDM mode)2048 Cyclic Prefix Duration (μsec) 24Up to 75 -802.22 is more robust to spread delay - It is optimized to support long range Bandwidth (MHz)12/14/ 1624/28/ 32 Data rate (Mbps)45.3890.76

11. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission Example Application Scenario 802.22 RA smart grid and critical infrastructure monitoring application will be complimentary to other short range applications at the users’ end We may have different types of CPEs in 802.22 new SG Currently CPEs can not communicate to each other. We need this capability Improved broadband service by using wider bandwidth through channel aggregation Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 11

12. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission Comparing to 802.15.4, uniqueness of 802.22 New SG –is able to provide services related to smart grid application for a larger coverage area. –is able to support a very large number of smart grid and monitoring devices effectively from a larger service area –is able to provide enhanced robustness in dealing with delay spread as well as frequency selective fading, this is good for long range communication. –is able to provide inexpensive implementation due to single FFT mode and linear sub-channel assignment. –is able to provide a combined service of smart grid and broadband with a variable data rate from low to high (Network backhaul – Several Mbps, Meter/Monitoring – Several Kbps) –is able to extend a current 802.22 STD easily and efficiently to smart grid applications on TV white space frequency June, 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 12

13. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission As amendment for 802.22, 802.22 New SG –consider to support low energy consumption and complexity CPEs –considers to support ad hoc connection (such as peer-to-peer connection, multi-hop connection) among portable CPEs for emergency broadband infrastructure –considers to support very large number of CPEs with low energy and complexity for monitoring a regional area –considers to support high reliability and QoS for critical applications such as medical service, hazard monitoring, etc –considers to support real time monitoring system with low latency. –considers CPEs with multiple operation modes [eg. low and high capabilities] –considers supporting interface with various sensors –considers supporting higher data rate by channel aggregation. June, 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 13

14. doc.: IEEE 802.22-11/66r2 Submission References 802.15.4g PAR 802.15.4k PAR 802.15 SG4TV PAR June 2011 Chang-Woo Pyo, NICTSlide 14