1. Transcribing English words 高 歌 浙江外国语学院 2009 年 9 月

2. Transcribing English words Victor GAO Zhejiang International Studies University August. 2010

4. The five main areas for reading Research indicates that students need to acquire skills and knowledge in at least five main areas in order to become proficient readers

5. Five key components for the effective teaching of reading 1.Phonemic awareness 2.Phonics 3.Fluency 4.Vocabulary Development 5.Comprehension strategies

6. Five main areas for reading phonemic awareness phonics fluency vocabulary comprehension decoding Reading development

9. Orthographic Continuum 1.Letter features 2.Individual letters 3.Letter patterns 4.Syllable patterns 5.Whole Words 6.Phrases

10. What do students need to learn during phonics instruction? Accurate and rapid identification of the letters of the alphabet The alphabetic principle Phonics elements (e.g., letter- sound correspondences, spelling patterns, syllables and meaningful word parts How to apply phonics elements as they read and write

11. Interventions for Phoneme Segmentation Fluency Slow Processing Speed Practice segmenting with timer.

12. Interventions for Phoneme Segmentation Fluency Accuracy Look at error pattern. Match the student error pattern to the Phonological Awareness Continuum. Plan according to student need.

17. Are you all ears?

20. 英语口语与朗读涉及两个系统 韵律系统 超音位因素 英语语音 音位系统 句重音 句子节奏句子语调 英语元音 英语辅音

24. 5-9 号开口越来越小 1-5 号开口越来越大 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 : 1-4 号唇型越来越扁 6-9 号唇型越来越圆 1-4 号为前元音 English monophthongs 5-9 号为后元音 10-12 号为中元音

25. frontcentralback Closed Close-mid Open-mid Open spread The basic vowels chart rounded

26. 舌前 舌中 舌后 The basic vowels chart 唇型越来越扁 唇型越来越圆 合口 半合 半开 全开 中央

27. frontcentralback Closed Close-mid Open-mid Open spread The basic vowels chart rounded

28. Basics of successful reading Phonemic awareness Phonics vocabulary Reading fluency Comprehension Grammar Proficiency

30. Phonemic Awareness Understand how spoken language can be broken down into individual sounds

31. Phonemic Awareness Phonics: The integration of sounds and symbols Phonemic Awareness: being sensitive to the sounds and their written forms If symbols are involved in letter reading, it is phonics! 在读英语时，看到字母就知道其发音。

32. What is a syllable? A syllable is a unit of sound composed of 1.a central peak of sonority 响 音峰 (usually a vowel), and 2.the consonants that cluster around this central peak. age hi make next huge

33. What is Phonics? Phonics is instruction in the relationship between the letters (graphemes) of written language and the sounds (phonemes) of spoken language.

34. What is a syllable? For example, the word hotel has two syllables: ho and tel. The syllables are marked here as in ho/tel.

35. Syllable Structure The general structure of a syllable consists of the following segments: Onset (obligatory in some languages, optional or even restricted in others) Rhyme & Nucleus (obligatory in all languages) Coda (optional in some languages, highly restricted or prohibited in others)

36. Syllable structure PartsDescriptionOptionality Onset Initial segment of a syllable:Optional Rhyme Core of a syllable, consisting of a nucleus and coda (see below) Obligatory Nucleus 核 Central segment of a syllableObligatory Coda Closing segment of a syllableOptional

37. are Central peak of sonority 响音峰

38. tar Onset sound

39. star More onset sounds

40. start A coda

41. starts More codas

42. Weak and Strong Syllables One of the most noticeable features of English is that many syllables are weak. I will discuss in a separate chapter how these weak syllables are pronounced and where they occur in English.

43. Weak and Strong Syllables We could describe them partly in terms of stress by saying, for example, that strong syllables are stressed and weak syllables unstressed. Example: Example / ɪ g ‵ z ɑː mpl /

44. What is an open syllable? In a stressed syllable, if there is only one vowel letter, followed by a consonant letter and a silent “e”, then this syllable is called an open syllable and that vowel letter is pronounced as the sound of the vowel letter itself. Examples: make, those, no, I

45. 重读开音节 在一个重读音节中，如果只有一个元音 字母，后加一个辅音字母和一个尾音 e （哑音 e ），那么该音节就叫做重读开音 节，其中的元音字母发字母本身的音。 如 make, those, no, I

46. What is a closed syllable? In a stressed syllable, if there is only one vowel letter, followed by one or two consonant letters without a silent “e”, then this syllable is called a closed syllable and that vowel letter is pronounced as the sound of the short vowel whose shape is similar to the vowel letter itself. like

47. What is a closed syllable? In a stressed syllable, if there is only one vowel letter, followed by one or two consonant letters without a silent “e”, then this syllable is called a closed syllable

48. What is a closed syllable? And that vowel letter is pronounced as the sound of the short vowel whose shape is similar to the vowel letter itself. For example:

49. Closed syllables a e i o u Examples: big ； back

50. 在一个重读音节中，如果只有一个元音 字母，后加一个或两个辅音字母，后面 不跟有哑音 e ，那么该音节就叫做重读闭 音节，其中的元音字母发与该字母形状 相应的短元音。 a e i o u 如 big ； back 重读闭音节

51. Syllable types A closed syllable: A closed syllable has one and only one vowel, and it ends in a consonant. Examples include in, ask, truck, sock, stretch, twelfth, and on.

52. a can be pronounced as: – – a base Vowel letter a a 重读开音节

53. a can be pronounced as: – – a base a v a bagbag v 重读开音节 重读闭音节 Vowel letter a

54. a can be pronounced as: – – a base a v a bagbag v a ago 重读开音节 重读闭音节 非重读音节 Vowel letter a

55. Strong and weak forms

56. a can be pronounced as: – – a base a v a bagbag v a ago 元音字母音 相应短元音 12 号元音 Vowel letter a

57. – – e e these Vowel letter e e can be pronounced as:

58. – – e e these e e e can be pronounced as: egg v v Vowel letter e

59. e can be pronounced as: – – e e these e v e egg v e marvelous Vowel letter e

60. i can be pronounced as: – – i i bike Vowel letter i

61. i can be pronounced as: – – i i bike v i bigbig v Vowel letter i

62. i can be pronounced as: – – i i bike v i bigbig v i terrible v Vowel letter i

63. o can be pronounced as: – – o o hope Vowel letter o

64. o can be pronounced as: – – o o hope o sonson Vowel letter o

65. o can be pronounced as: – – o o hope o sonson o v hothot v Vowel letter o

66. o can be pronounced as: – – o o hope o sonson o o v hothot v Vowel letter o today – ‵

67. u can be pronounced as: – – u u huge Vowel letter e

68. u can be pronounced as: – – u u huge u sunsun Vowel letter e

69. u can be pronounced as: – – u u huge v v u sunsun u putput Vowel letter u

70. u can be pronounced as: – – u u huge v v u sunsun u putput u butbut Vowel letter u

71. u can be pronounced as: – – u u huge v v u sunsun u putput u butbut Vowel Letter e

72. Phonemic Awareness Phonics: The integration of sounds and symbols Phonemic Awareness: being sensitive to the sounds and their written forms If symbols are involved in letter reading, it is phonics! 在读英语时，看到字母就知道其发音。

73. Practice phonics 形音对照法

74. Practice phonics

75. Practice phonics ‵ v v

76. Practice syllables 音节

77. Practice syllables

78. Practice syllables ‵ v

79. Practice vowel 元音

80. Practice vowel

81. Practice vowel

82. Practice monophthongs 单元音

83. Practice monophthongs

84. Practice monophthongs ‵ vv

85. Practice diphthongs 双元音

86. Practice diphthongs

87. Practice diphthongs ‵ vv

88. Practice consonant 辅音

89. Practice consonant

90. Practice consonant ‵ v

91. Practice bilabial 双唇音

92. Practice bilabial

93. Practice bilabial ‵ – –

95. Practice dental 齿音

96. Practice dental

98. Practice dental ‵ v

99. Practice alveolar 齿龈音

100. Practice alveolar

101. Practice alveolar ‵ v

102. alveolar

103. Practice palatal 腭

104. Practice palatal

106. Practice palatal ‵ v

107. Practice velum 小舌

108. Practice velum

109. Practice velum ‵ –

110. velar

111. Practice glottal 声门的

112. Practice glottal

113. Adam’s Apple

114. Practice glottal ‵ v

115. Practice plosive 爆破音

116. Practice plosive

117. Practice plosive ‵ v –

118. Practice fricative 摩擦音

119. Practice fricative

120. Practice fricative ‵ v v

121. Practice affricate 破擦音

122. Practice affricate

123. Practice affricate

124. Practice affricate ‵ v v

125. Practice lateral 舌侧音

126. Practice lateral

127. Practice lateral

128. Practice lateral ‵ v

129. Practice articulation ‵ 发音

130. Practice articulation ‵

131. Practice articulation ‵ v – – ‵

132. Practice combination 组合

133. Practice combination

134. Practice combination ‵ v – v ‵

135. Practice discipline 纪律

136. Practice discipline

137. Practice discipline v ‵ v

138. Practice passage 短文

139. Practice passage

140. Practice passage v ‵

141. Practice Italy

142. Practice Italy

143. Practice Italy v ‵ v

144. Practice Italian

145. Practice Italian

146. Practice Italian v ‵ vv

147. Practice Italian v ‵ v

148. Practice simultaneous 同时发生的

149. Practice simultaneous

150. Practice simultaneous ‵ v ––

151. Practice challenge

152. Practice challenge 挑战

153. Practice challenge ‵ v

154. Basics of successful reading Phonemic awareness Phonics vocabulary Reading fluency Comprehension Grammar Proficiency