1. Postclassical Civilizations
Reporting Category 3
Postclassical Civilizations

2. Justinian Byzantine Emporer Codification of Roman Law
Justinian Code
Basis for Western Legal systems
Reconquest of former Roman Territories
Expansion of Trade
Constantinople’s location was at the center of trade routes

3. Byzantine Achievements
Art and Architecture
Byzantine Culture
Inspiration provided by Christian religion and Imperial Power
Icons (religious images)
Mosaics in public & religious structures (pieces of colored tile or glass)
Hagia Sophia –Domed Church in Constantinople
Continued traditions of Greco-Roman culture
Greek Language
Greek Orthodox Church
(Eastern Orthodox)
Greek & Roman Knowledge was preserved in Byzantine Libraries

4. Division in the Christian Church
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Centered in Rome
Farther from the seat of power after Constantinople became capital
Use of Latin in the Liturgy
Pope was the Head of the Church
No Emperor to answer to
Centered in Constantinople
Close to the seat of power after Constantinople became capital
Use of Greek in the liturgy
Patriarch was head of church
Underneath the Emperor

5. Division in the Christian Church
The Great Schism – Split in the Christian Church
Authority of the Pope was eventually accepted in the West
Authority of the Patriarch was accepted in the East
Differences is Church Practices
Celibacy
Use of Icons
Language

6. Byzantine Culture, Eastern Europe, & Russia
Constantinople was located on the trade routes between the Black and Baltic Seas
Much of Eastern Europe, as well as Russia, adopted Eastern Orthodox Christianity
St. Cyril adapted the Greek alphabet for the Slavic People (Cyrillic Alphabet)
Influence on Church architecture and religious art

7. Church Architecture
Byzantine Church
Roman Catholic Church

8. Origins, Beliefs, Customs, & Spread of Islam
Muhammad, the Prophet
Mecca & Median – Early Muslim cities on the Saudi Arabian peninsula
Islam spread across Asia and Africa, and into Spain
Monotheistic – Allah (Arabic word for God)
Qu’ran (Koran) – The word of God (Holy Book)
Five Pillars of Islam – Basis of beliefs
Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

10. Historical Turning Points in ISLAM
The death of Muhammad led to a split in the Islamic Faith
Sunni – Shi’a division
Muslim conquests of Jerusalem
Christian attempts to recapture Jerusalem - Crusades
Umayyad Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Damascus
Abbasid Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to Baghdad
Muslims defeated by Charles Martel (Franks) at the Battle of Tours
End of Muslim Expansion into Western Europe
Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
End of Muslim Empire

11. Cultural Contributions of Muslim Empire
Architecture (The Dome of the Rock)
Mosaics
Arabic Alphabet
Universities
Translation of Ancient texts into Arabic

12. Cultural Contributions of the Muslim Empire
The Dome of the Rock
Mosaics
Arabic Alphabet
Universities
(Calligraphy)

13. Scientific Contributions of the Muslim World
Arabic Numerals
Adapted from India
Included Zero
Algebra
Medicine
Expansion of Geographic Knowledge

14. Foundations of Early Medieval Society
Classical Heritage of Rome
Christian Beliefs
Customs of Germanic tribes
Influence of the Roman Catholic Church
Secular authority declined, while Church authority grew
Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements
Missionaries carried Christianity & Latin alphabet to Germanic Tribes
Pope anointed Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emporer” in 800 A.D.
Parish Priest served the social and religious needs of the people

15. Age of Charlemagne Franks emerged as a Western European force
The Pope crowned the Emperor in 800 A.D.
The church’s power was established in politics
Roman culture was reinterpreted
Most of Western Europe was a part of this new Empire
Churches, Roads, and Schools were built to unite the Empire