2. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 2 OVERVIEW History and sociology Berne Convention Legal philosophy Berne Convention Elaboration Substantive copyright law issues under Berne Convention Societal and paradigmatic developments 20 th Century Paradigmatic developments lifted out

3. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 3 HISTORY BERNE CONVENTION International awakening Bridging civil law tradition and common law tradition SOCIOLOGY BERNE CONVENTION Pressure group inducement (i.e. authors societies) Support national government

4. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 4 LEGAL PHILOSOPHY BERNE CONVENTION 1 Distinction copyright law and industrial property law Civil law tradition and common law tradition

5. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 5 LEGAL PHILOSOPHY BERNE CONVENTION 2 Distinction copyright law and industrial property law –Specific domains of intellectual property law (pigeonhole philosophy) according to purpose and function (Paris Convention 1883; Berne Convention1886) –Specific substantive law regime copyright law

6. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 6 LEGAL PHILOSOPHY BERNE CONVENTION 3 Civil law tradition and Common law tradition –Civil law tradition Private interest first Rights approach –Common law tradition Public interest first Expediency approach

7. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 7 ELABORATION SUBSTANTIVE COPYRIGHT LAW ISSUES UNDER BERNE CONVENTION 1 Protected subject matter Prerogatives (restricted acts), exceptions and limitations Minimum regime National treatment No enforcement instruments

8. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 8 ELABORATION SUBSTANTIVE COPYRIGHT LAW ISSUES UNDER BERNE CONVENTION 2 Protected subject matter –Art and literature –Applied art (industrial design) –Products of new technologies (photo, film, record)

9. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 9 ELABORATION SUBSTANTIVE COPYRIGHT LAW ISSUES UNDER BERNE CONVENTION 3 Prerogatives (restricted acts) - Reproduction right - Communication right - Distribution - Dissimination - Exceptions and limitations - Three steps test

10. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 10 ELABORATION SUBSTANTIVE COPYRIGHT LAW ISSUES UNDER BERNE CONVENTION Article 1 DCA 1912 - Copyright is the exclusive right of the author of a literary, scientific or artistic work or his successors in title to communicate that work to the public and to reproduce it, subject to the limitations laid down by law.

11. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 11 SOCIETAL AND PARADIGMATIC DEVELOPMENTS 20 TH CENTURY 1 Societal developments –Consumerism –Decolonisation –Globalisation –New technologies (e.g. computer technology) –Entrepreneur copyright law

12. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 12 SOCIETAL AND PARADIGMATIC DEVELOPMENTS 20 TH CENTURY 2 Paradigmatic developments –Human rights approach copyright law –Firm relationship between copyright law and trade –Adjustment of copyright law dogmatics to new subject matter and new types of computer-related communication

13. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 13 PARADIGMATIC DEVELOPMENTS LIFTED OUT 1 Human rights approach copyright law –27 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (UHDR) –15 (1) (c) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1976 (ICESCR)

14. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 14 PARADIGMATIC DEVELOPMENTS LIFTED OUT 2 Firm relationship between copyright law and trade –TRIPS Agreement 1995 Substantive copyright law link to BC Insertion of new subject matter Most favourite nation clause General ipr enforcement instrument

15. Dubai Conference May 2004 Molengraaff Institute Center for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) 15 PARADIGMATIC DEVELOPMENTS LIFTED OUT 3 Adjustment of copyright law dogmatics to new subject matter and to types of computer-related communica- tion –WIPO Copyright Treaty 1996 New subject matter –Databases –Software Computer-related communication –Digital reproduction right –Access right approach (contract law replacing copyright law) –Restricted approach of exceptions and limitations in digital environment