1. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Extracting titanium and aluminium

2. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium and titanium exist in the earth as minerals

3. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium usually comes from aluminium oxide in the bauxite ore

4. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Most titanium exists normally as titanium oxide

5. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium There are limited amounts of the ores of both metals. This means they are expensive £ £ £ £ £ £

6. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium They are not easy to extract because …

7. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium … you can’t heat them with carbon because …

8. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium aluminium is above carbon in the reactivity series.

9. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Its atoms are joined very strongly to oxygen atoms

10. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium If you heat titanium oxide with carbon you make titanium carbide but…

11. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium this makes the metal brittle

12. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis – this is expensive

13. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Aluminium production

14. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Titanium is extracted by a multi- step process – this is expensive

15. © Oxford University Press 2011 IC1.12.5 Extracting titanium and aluminium Recycling aluminium uses only 10% of the energy needed to make cans from bauxite