1. Revision lesson

2.  Metals found in the ground are normally found as a METAL ORE – combined with other elements in compounds  Metals found on their own are not highly reactive. We say they are found in their NATIVE STATE.

3. Before extracting a particular metal ore from the ground you must assess…  How easy it is to extract the metal from the ore  How much metal the ore contains

4. This depends on where it is in the reactivity series!  Displacement reactions  Redox reactions  Electrolysis

5.  You can displace a metal from its ore by reacting it with a more reactive metal.  The more reactive metal takes the place of the less reactive metal Practice! Sodium Carbonate + Lead Silver Oxide + Zinc

6.  We can REDUCE the metal ore by removing the oxygen. Lead Oxide + Carbon

7. For highly reactive metals (higher than carbon) we have to use electrolysis to remove the metal from its ore. Electrodes are placed into the solution. The metal ions move towards the negative electrode because they are positively charged. Some metals couldn’t be extracted from their ores until electricity was discovered!!!

8.  Iron can be removed from its ore in the BLAST FURNACE.  Carbon is used to remove the oxygen from iron oxide to leave PURE IRON.  PURE IRON is too soft to be useful so it is alloyed with carbon to make STEEL.

11.  When we need metals that are STRONG but LOW DENSITY (light) we pick aluminium or titanium.  They also resist CORROSION  BUT… they are EXPENSIVE to EXTRACT from THEIR ORES

12.  Copper – rich ores are running out. We still mainly use SMELTING to extract copper  But we must begin to extract from lower grade ores. Methods include… Bioleaching (bacteria) and Phytomining (plants)!!!

13. Why are metals useful?