1. THE OSI MODEL INTRODUCTION TO THE OSI MODEL WHEN COMPUTER NET WORKS WERE FIEST IMPLEMENTED ;MANUFACTEERSDESIGNED AND CREATED NET WORKING HARDWARE,SUCH AS NICS, ACCORDING TO WHATEVER STANDARDS THEY DEVISED THIS WAS ACCEPTABLE IF YOU WERE WILLING TO STANDARDARDIZE YOUR NETWORK ON ONE MANUFACTURER’S PRODUCTS,BUT PROBLEMS AROSE WHEN PEOPLE USED DIFFERENT PRODUCTS FROM DIFFERENT MANUFACTURER, AS THIS ISSUE BECAME MORE PREVLENT, THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION (OSI) STEPPED IN AND DEVELOPED THE OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION OSI MODEL- A MODEL THAT DESCRIBES NET WORK COMMUNICATIONS AS CONSISTING OF SEVEN LAYERS THAT WORK TO GETHER TO PROVIDE NET WORK SERVICES THE OSI MODEL PEOVIDES A STAN DARD, ORGANIZED WAY TO LOOK AT NET WORK COMMUNICATIONS.

3. Layer 1: The Physical Layer The physical layer is responsible for passing bits onto and receiving them from the connecting medium. This layer has no understanding of the meaning of the bits, but treats them as voltages, currents, or flashes of light passing through copper, radio waves, fiber optic, or some other medium. The physical layer deals with the functional electrical and mechanical characteristics of the signals and signaling methods.

4. THE PHYSICAL LAYER  Provides electrical and mechanical interfaces for a network.  Specifies type of medium used to connect network devices.  Specifies how signals are transmitted on network. The standards developed for this layer, and the devices that function on this layer, have to solve problems such as: How do you transmit strings of 0s and 1s at faster speeds over longer distances? How do you transmit a long series of just os that can be detected at the other end?